Reducing Water Consumption in Agriculture Through New Irrigation Technologies

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. . . Abstract Introduction Review of resources, materials and methods: Results Conclusions Reference

New irrigation technologies and programs in reducing water consumption in the agricultural industry 4

Abstract Water is a renewable but limited resource. Water conservation is the most important way to manage water scarcity in the world. Water plays an important role in solving the problems of industries and agricultural applications. 70% of freshwater are consumed in the agricultural industry. Many studies have been done in Iran to reduce water consumption in the agricultural industry, such as the use of Nano, Waterbox, Use of mulch, Water Framework Directive (WFD) and the use of growth supplements can be mentioned that have reduced water consumption by almost 40 to 80%. 5

Abstract In this article, we review some new irrigation plans, implementation methods, optimal water consumption and application of technology demonstrate available of water that we can manage more crops in the agricultural industry with the least amount of water use. 6

Introduction Water is one of the most fundamental parts of the global economy. It has been shown that in areas without healthy water resources or sanitation services, economic growth cannot be sustained [1]. Nearly 60% of the world's freshwater that is used by humans is used for irrigation. Of this water that is applied to crop fields, only about half returns to surface water or groundwater sources. Farm water, also known as agricultural water, is water committed for use in the production of food and fiber and collecting for further resources. 7

Water consumption management in agriculture: Optimal water consumption can produce the best agricultural products in all arable areas, but water consumption lacks technical knowledge, it is a rover and the executive bodies do not have operational plans for optimal water consumption and also the necessary training to use the system. New irrigation systems have been given to farmers. 8

8 main methods of saving and reducing water consumption in the agricultural industry: 1. Change the cultivation pattern: The main step in managing agricultural water consumption is to be aware of growing each crop in the appropriate culture environment. 2. Greenhouse cultivation: Greenhouse cultivation has two main advantages, the first is to increase crop production and the second is consumption water is drastically reduced. 3. Use of new water systems: The use of modern pressurized irrigation systems, especially drip irrigation, has a decisive role in reducing water consumption. Pressure irrigation, depending on the case, can reduce water consumption by 40 to 70%. 9

4. Dry farming: The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) has launched extensive plans for dry land cultivation, and with the training of farmers, many plants can be grown dry land [7]. 5. Use mulch: Mulch is a coating that protects the soil on the surface expands. This coating can be made of organic and plant materials such as straw, leaf soil, wood and from synthetic materials such as made of plastic. One of the most important benefits of this coating is that it protects the soil and the roots of the plant from water evaporation and erosion (figure1) [8] 10

Figure 1: Use of plastic mulch 11

Another benefit of this agricultural super-absorber is that it provides the fertilizer and water the plant needs. This technology, through Nanosilica, absorbs more water and reduces the product due to its low cost. Among the benefits of using nanotechnology is reducing water consumption by up to 70% in irrigating houseplants and reduce fertilizer consumption, increase agricultural land yields, enhance the growth of flowers and houseplants, increase soil porosity and aeration[9] 12

Review of resources, materials and methods: 13

In 2016, Abbasalian et al. Studied of saving water consumption in agriculture with water box technology [6]. They used waterbox technology to save water that is one of the agricultural equipment to help save water resources, study new technologies to increase water productivity in the agricultural sector, Box designed for growing trees in arid areas and use this innovation to plant trees on desert takes place, In 2010 won the best innovation in green technology has been published in the journal Popular Science. 14

In the design, the material of this box is polypropylene and it lasts for ten years. Planting with these boxes has four stages. 1. Selection of tree species according to the climatic conditions and rainfall of the region. 2. Use growth supplements. 3. Use of microorganisms in soil and tree planting 15

4. After planting, the water box is placed on the seedlings and about 15 liters of water is poured into the water box for irrigation (figure2) [6]. 16

Results 17

Determining and analyzing the water productivity index of water supply, transmission and distribution. What are the immediate approaches to increase productivity, it will crystallize objectively and operationally. There are, four categories progress in the agricultural industry of research, technology, education, and promotion that are used. 18

By studying articles, the best way to use the Waterbox is WAS, WFD, which is available in developed agriculture that used to significantly reduce water consumption in agriculture. Using the introduced technology in saving water consumption, we will reduce water consumption in the agricultural industry from 20% to 90%. 19

Conclusions In this article, we review some new irrigation plans, implementation methods, optimal water consumption and application of technology demonstrate available of water that we can manage more crops in the agricultural industry and also The above items reduce water consumption. The total water consumption decreased only during the use of new technology because the larger water consumers related to agricultural industry. Drip irrigation systems deliver water directly to a plant's roots, reducing the evaporation that happens with spray watering, systems Capturing and Storing Water, Irrigation Scheduling, Drought-Tolerant Crops, Dry Farming, Waterbox, WAS, WFD, Compost and Mulch. 20

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