Regional Security Responses to Boko Haram Crisis
Assessing the regional security responses to the Boko Haram crisis in Africa, focusing on the origins, causes, and impact of the crisis, as well as the role of Regional Economic Communities in providing security. The analysis includes key questions on capacity deficits, response patterns, and impacts on regional security systems.
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Nigeria By Abbie, Grace, Emily and April Nigeria
Origins Prior to British rule Nigeria consisted of numerous ancient African civilizations such as the Kingdom of Nri, Benin Empire, Oyo Empire etc. (1100 BC) The subsequent pre-colonial period lasted from 1500-1800, when the country was still dominated by similar West African kingdoms/empires Nigeria then was under British rule during the colonial period from 1800-1960 They achieved independence on October 1st, 1960, which is when the first republic was established Prior to 1999 military dictatorships were the most prominent form of government In 1999,there was a shift form military dominance in government to civilian dominance
Geography of Nigeria Located in Western Africa bordering the Gulf Of Guinea Between Benin and Cameroon There are 36 states and 1 territory in Nigeria In the tropics meaning the climate is seasonally damp and humid Adamawa Highlands, MambillaPlateau, Jos Plateau, ObuduPlateau, the Niger River and Niger Delta are all major geographical features of Nigeria Natural Resources: Petroleum Natural gas Tin Iron ore Coal Limestone
Government Federal presidential republic President: MuhammuduBuhari Legislative: Senate: 3 seats per state and 1 seat for the Abuja-Federal Capital Territory House of Representatives: 360 seats Judicial: Supreme Court: 16 members, members are recommended by National Judicial Council and appointed by the president Executive: president and cabinet (appointed by president) Presidentis chief of state,head of government, and commander in chief
Economy Sub-Saharan Africa's largest economy Relies heavily on oil Most exports go to India (30.6%) and the U.S. (12.1%) Most imports come China (21.1%) Buhari is trying to diversify the economy by using protectionist tactics (such as limiting imports) Consumers are suffering because farmers cannot meet the high demands, leading to artificially high prices and increased smuggling Nigeria closed part of the border with Benin to prevent rice smuggling Efforts to diversifyinto agriculture are limited by poverty and corruption Nigeria recently joined the AfCFTA(African Free Trade Continental Area) which is intended to increase trade among African Countries
People and Society Over 250 ethnic groups, including Hausa, Igbo, Yoruba, and Fulani English is the official language, but there are over 500 indigenous languages 52% Muslim, 11% Catholic, 35% Christian (other) Nigeria has religious and ethnic violence and tensions Boko Haram, a terrorist group,want to replace the government with an Islamic state and target civilians and military bases using suicide bombers Nigeria banned the Islamic Movement in Nigeria (IMN) in July, most of Nigeria is Sunni,IMN is Shi'ite #1 In the world for AIDS and HIV related deaths and #2 in the world for people living with AIDS or HIV 42.4% of the population is aged 0-14
