Responses of Animals to Biotic Environment: Interspecific Aggressive Competition
Animals exhibit various responses in the biotic environment, such as interspecific aggression and competition for resources. Gause's Principle states that species with the same niche cannot coexist for long, leading to changes in niche utilization or extinction. Studying interactions like the competition for food in species like paramecium and examples from nature, such as how moths adapt to reduce competition, sheds light on the dynamics of species interactions in ecosystems.
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Presentation Transcript
Responses of animals to the biotic environment Interspecific aggressive responses Competition
Competition for food etc. Gause s Principle = the competitive exclusion principle. No two species with the same niche can co-exist for long in the same place. Either one or both species die out or they narrow or change their niche.
Gause studied 2 species of paramecium. The graphs below showed that when grown together, one species died out.
New Zealand example of narrowing of the Niche. The caterpillars of 2 species of moths both feed on flax leaves. They reduce competition by eating different parts of the leaves. The notching caterpillar seldom eats all the way to the mid-vein. The window caterpillar seldom eats near the edge.
