Ribosomes: Protein Synthesis Factories
Ribosomes, the organelles found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, play a crucial role in protein synthesis. They consist of protein and ribonucleic acid, with different types located in various cell components such as the rough endoplasmic reticulum and cytoplasm. Ribosomes act as protein factories by translating genetic code carried by messenger RNA into proteins. Different classes of proteins are synthesized by ribosomes depending on their location within the cell. Explore the diverse functions and locations of ribosomes in cellular protein production.
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Presentation Transcript
Ribosomes are the organelles without limiting membrane . Ribosomes are found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Ribosome are made up of 35% of protein and 65% of ribonucleic acid ( RNA) . RNA present in ribosomes is called ribosomal RNA. Cells that have high rates of protein synthesis have particularly large numbers of ribosomes.For example , a human pancreas cell , which makes many digestive enzymes , has a few million ribosome.
Ribosomes are two types- 1. Ribosomes that are attached to rough endoplasmic reticulam 2. cytoplasm Free ribosomes that are distributed in the
Ribosomes are called protein factories because of their role in the synthesis of proteins. Messenger RNA (mRNA) carries the genetic code for protein synthesis from nucleus to the ribosome .The ribosomes , in turn arrange the amino acids into small units of protein. Ribosomes attached to rough endoplasmic reticulum are involved in the synthesis of protein such as the enzymatic proteins , hormonal proteins , lysosomal proteins and the protein of cell membrane. Free ribosomes are responsible for the synthesis of proteins in hemoglobin , peroxisome and mitochondria.
LOCATION OF RIBOSOME Membrane free ribosomes LOCATION OF RIBOSOME CLASSES OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIZED Soluble cytosolic proteins, Mitochondrial proteins encoded by nuclear DNA Extrinsic membrane proteins localized to the cytoplasmic surface peroxisomal proteins Secreted proteins Integral plasma membrane protein ER proteins Golgi complex proteins Lysosomal proteins CLASSES OF PROTEIN SYNTHESIZED ER membran- bound ribosomes
