RTC+B Technical Workshops Updates by Sreenivas Badri
RTC+B Technical Workshops aim to help QSEs and vendors plan RTC+B systems early for ERCOT alignment. Finalized ICCP/Market External Interfaces design specifications will be published based on workshop feedback. Recent workshops covered topics like ICCP Telemetry, Market Interfaces design, and ICCP configuration approaches for parallel testing.
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LAN 405 BEGINNING HEBREW II Class III: 1) Imperative, cohortative & jussive (Ch 18); 2) Pronominal Suffixes on Verbs (Ch 19) Dr. Esa Autero
Imperative, Cohortative & Jussive 1.1 Introduction Volitional conjugation imperative, cohortative & jussive Command, wish, desire Related to imperfect [shortened forms] Imperative occurs 4,288 x in the HB Qal 2,896x (68%)* 2.1 Imperative Conjugation Primarily direct command demanding immediate action Sometimes to communicate request or grant permission Only in 2ms, 2fs, 2mp, 2fp
Imperative, Cohortative & Jussive Forms of imperative Only four forms Imperfect without the preformative = imperative Imperative Sufformative Translation (you) kill! 2ms 2fs (you) kill! 2mp (you) kill! 2fp (you) kill!
Imperative, Cohortative & Jussive Relationship between imperfect and imperative Imperfect form Substract preformative Imperative form 2ms 2fs 2mp 2fp
Imperative, Cohortative & Jussive Alternate forms with added in 2ms imperative Verbal root Regular 2ms form Alternate form ( ) Translation You (2ms) observe! You (2ms) judge! You (2ms) listen! NOTE: imperative is NOT used in negative commands Use regular imperfect with or
Imperative, Cohortative & Jussive The particle (x191 in HB.) Imperative often followed by particle leave untranslated - translate as please or Translation of the imperative You serve (2mp) the LORD OR Serve the LORD! (Ps 100:2)
Imperative, Cohortative & Jussive Weak forms of imperative I only spelling changes Imperfect I-Guttural Imperative Imperfect II-Guttural Imperative 2ms 2fs 2mp 2fp Imperfect III- / Imperative Imperfect III- Imperative 2ms 2fs 2mp 2fp
Imperative, Cohortative & Jussive Weak forms of imperative II - loss of root consonants Geminate III- Imperfect Imperative Imperfect Imperative 2ms 2fs 2mp 2fp If unsure what the verb is, reconstruct the verb by trying out the The following options: III- I- I-
I- Type 1 Imperfect I- Type 2 Imperative Imperfect Imperative 2ms 2fs 2mp 2fp I- Type 1 Imperfect I- Type 2 Imperative Imperfect Imperative 2ms 2fs 2mp 2fp
Imperative, Cohortative & Jussive Biconsonantal verbs Imperfect Imperative Imperfect Imperative 2ms 2fs 2mp 2fp
Imperative, Cohortative & Jussive Irregular or doubly weak verbs Imperfect Imperative Imperfect Imperative 2ms 2fs 2mp 2fp See more on p. 216
Imperative, Cohortative & Jussive Frequently confused forms Qal pf. 3fs she wrote from Qal imp. 2ms (you) write! from (with ending) Qal pf. 3cp they wrote from Qal. imp. 2mp (you) write from Qal imp. 2fs (you) build from Masc. sg. noun with 1cs pronominal suffix ( my son )
Imperative, Cohortative & Jussive , Qal. pf. 3cp they build from Preposition with 1cp pronominal suffix against us Qal imp. 2mp (you) build! from Qal pf. 3cp they went from Qal imp. (you) go up 2mp from
Imperative, Cohortative & Jussive 2.2 Cohortative Expresses wish, request, or command Only occurs in 1st person 1cs. & 1cp. Let me honor the LORD May we worship the LORD commonly occurs with cohortative Particle 1) The simple form of cohortative the same as Impf. 1cs. & 1cp. The position of the verb is the clue to identification When imperfect is the 1stverb in the clause, it is cohortative Unless it is consecutive When imperfect is not 1stin the clause, it is regular imperfect
Imperative, Cohortative & Jussive Examples of simple cohortative: Let us make humans in our own image (Gen 1:26) Let me pass through all of your flocks (Gen 30:32)
Imperative, Cohortative & Jussive 2) Cohortative proper with ending (c. 65% of the time) May I kill Stem vowel reduces to Shewa Examples of cohortative proper May I observe your law (Ps 119:44) Let us make a covenant (Gen 26:28)
Imperative, Cohortative & Jussive 2.3 Jussive Express wish, request, or command Occurs only in 3ms, 3fs, 3mp, 3fp Use key words let/may to translate commonly occurs with jussive Particle The position of the verb is the clue to identification When imperfect is the 1stverb in the clause, it is jussive Unless it is consecutive When imperfect is not 1stin the clause, it is regular imperfect
Imperative, Cohortative & Jussive Examples jussive: Let the king remember the LORD (2 Sam 14:11) May the LORD forgive your servant (2 Kgs 5:18)
Imperative, Cohortative & Jussive Apocopated (shortened) forms of jussive (c. 23%) Most common in III- Perfect Imperfect Jussive Let him build He built He ll build He made Let him make He ll make He went up Let him go up He ll go up He saw Let him see He ll rise Jussive forms don t have - ending Apocopated endings only in 3ms and 3fs (singular forms)
Imperative, Cohortative & Jussive Examples of apocopated jussive: And let him build the house of the LORD (Ezra 1:3) Let there be light (Gen 1:3) Negation of jussive and cohortative Usually negated with Do not let us perish (Jon 1:14) milder prohibition than +impf.
Imperative, Cohortative & Jussive Practice Workbook p. 135, no: 1-5 p. 141, no: 1-5 p. 149, no: 1-5 Homework: See slide no: 37
Pronominal Suffixes on Verbs 3.1 Introduction Pronominal suffixes on nouns and prepositons (ch. 9) Pronominal suffixes also attached to verbs Pronominal suffixes attached to direct object marker He judged you . He will keep us Pronominal suffixes attached to verbs He will keep us (Qal. pf. w/ 1cp suffix) (Qal. pf. 3ms w/ 2ms suffix) He judged you
Pronominal Suffixes on Verbs Type 1 1cs 2ms 2fs 3ms 2mp 2fp 3mp Type 1 altern. - - - - - Objective translation Me 3.2 Pronominal suffixes you With verbs, type 1 suffixes generally used you Note that the translation has objective meaning (e.g. me not my/mine ) him (it) 3fs her (it) 1cp us you you them 3fp them
Pronominal Suffixes on Verbs 3.3 Pronominal suffixes on the Perfect verb Spelling and accents: Qal. pf. 3ms w/ suffixes Translation He killed me 1cs 2ms He killed you Propretonic reduction ( ) 2fs He killed you Pretonic lengthening ( ) 3ms He killed him/it / Type 1 (alt.) in 1cs, 3mp, 3fp 3fs He killed her/it Spelling changes: 1cp He killed us Depends on whether pf form ends in consonant or vowel. 2mp He killed you 2fp He killed you 3mp He killed them 3fp He killed them
Pronominal Suffixes on Verbs Qal.pf. w/o suffixes Qalpf. b/f suffixes 3ms 3fs 2ms 2fs 1cs 3cp 2mp 2fp 2cp
Pronominal Suffixes on Verbs Hebrew verb +suffix Verb with suffix Translation She/it killed him ) ) ) ) ) ) ( She/it devoured me ( 3fs She/it found us ( ( You killed him You knew him ( ( 2ms You served me
Pronominal Suffixes on Verbs Hebrew verb +suffix Verb with suffix Translation I killed him ) ( 1cs. 2fs.* I/She* gave her/it ) ) ( I made them ( They killed him ) ) ) ( ( They surrounded me 3cp. They knew them (
Pronominal Suffixes on Verbs Hebrew verb +suffix Verb with suffix Translation We killed him ) ) ) ( ( We sought him 1cp. We knew them ( Drops b/f prom. suffix III- He saw him 3ms.
Pronominal Suffixes on Verbs Other changes in the spelling on perfect suffixes 1) Spelling changes on suffixes based Suffix added to a perfect form ending in consonant (3ms, 3fs, 2ms) Suffix added to a perfect ending in vowel(all others) E.g. (I killed her) compare the usual suffix (3fs. ) 2) Connecting vowels added to certain forms (b/w verb and suffix) E.g. (He sent you, 2fs) with Tsere as connecting vowel
Pronominal Suffixes on Verbs 3.4 Pronominal Suffixes with Imperfect Use Type 1 suffixes (like in Perfect) minor changes Additional suffix forms nun-suffixes in 2ms, 3ms, 3fs Type 1 suffix Nun-suffix Example Translation 2ms He will capture you 3ms He will capture him / / 3fs He will capture her Nun as the distinguishing factor
Pronominal Suffixes on Verbs Qal. impf. w/o suffix Qal. impf. b/f suffix Spelling of the imperfect sufformative is unchanged in every form 3ms 3fs 2ms Few impf. forms have sufformative 2fs 1cs One change reduction of the stem vowel from holem to shewa 3mp 3fp 2mp 2fp 1cp
Pronominal Suffixes on Verbs Hebrew verb +suffix Verb with suffix Translation 3ms He will kill him They will kill us 1cp And they buried him 3ms *He will observe you He will kill you 2ms **He will send you He will hear you
Pronominal Suffixes on Verbs Connecting vowel in forms that end in consonant E.g. (Tsere) and (Seghol) If form ends in vowel no connecting vowel needed E.g. in and In imperfect of III- , forms that end in drop this ending before pronominal suffixes. E.g. (he will see her)
Pronominal Suffixes on Verbs Frequently occurring impf. forms w/ pronominal suffixes that are difficult to identify: (to give); (to take); (to put, place) Hebrew verb +suffix Verb with suffix Translation 3mp. And he gave them And he took her/it 3fs. He will place you 2ms.
Pronominal Suffixes on Verbs 3.5 Pronominal suffixes on the imperative Suffixes same as those with imperfect Only minor spelling changes occur Qal. imp.2ms is spelled b/f suffix (vowel is Qamets Hatuf)
Pronominal Suffixes on Verbs Hebrew verb +suffix Verb with suffix Translation Connecting vowel in forms that end in consonant 3mp (You) observe them E.g. (You) judge me 1cs (You) seize* them 3mp 1cs (You) seek me (You) hear me 1cs (You) redeem her 3fs Parsing Qal impf. 3ms w/ 3ms suffix He will capture him
Pronominal Suffixes on Verbs Practice Workbook p. 157, no: 1-5 Homework Workbook: Bible Translation , p. 137, no: 1; p. 143, no: 1; p. 152, no: 1; p. 160, no: 1-2. Quizz III on vocabularies, chs. 18-19 (18.17 [p. 222] & 19.11 [p. 233])
