Safeguarding Human Development in Samoa from Climate Change Risks
To safeguard human development in Samoa from new and additional risks associated with climate change, the GEF/UNDP LDCF project aims to enhance technical capabilities in meteorology, improve agricultural sector policies, strengthen public health capacity, and develop a Climate Early Warning System. Initiatives include monitoring climate trends, designing adaptive policies, enhancing crop management, and reducing the impact of climate change on public health.
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Presentation Transcript
GEF/UNDP LDCF ( Least Developed Country Fund) 2 Million USD NHS,MAF,MNRE 4 Year project : 2009 2013 Project Goal : To safeguard human development in Samoa from new and additional risks associated with climate change. Project Objective: To increase the resilience and adaptive capacity of local communities in Samoa to the adverse impacts of climate change on agricultural production and public health
(i) (CLEWS) under the Meteorology component to assist Agriculture and Health to better respond to the impacts of climate change and to inform their planning purposes; (ii)Align cross sectoralapproach on Health and Agriculture with the Strategy for the Development of Samoa 2008 2012; (iii)Strengthen cross sectoralcollaboration and coordination between the agricultural / food security, the National Health Service and Environment data service. Develop a Climate Early Warning System
Outcome 1: Enhanced technical and organization capabilities of the Meteorology Division to monitor climate trends and provide climate risk and early communications to the agricultural and health sectors. Outcome 2: Capacity of theagricultural sectorimproved to design adaptivepolicies and perform short term seasonal) and long term (decadal) agricultural planning and crop management Outcome 3: Capacity of the publichealthplanners and public health workers strengthened to reduce the impact of climate change
58 Crop Maps each for Upolu and Savaii; Soil Resource Interpretative Manual has been developed; MAF now has a Geographical Information System (GIS) purchased under this project; Contract for a GIS Consultant is underway to conduct a GIS Training for MAF staff; Pilot sites for this project: Togitogiga (wettest area), Asau (driest area), Salailua (coast) and Nuu (control). On these four different sites, 5 climate ready crops will be planted to see if there really is an impact of climate to the growth of these crops; Draft Report of the Climate Adaptation Strategy for the Agriculture, Fisheries and Forestry (CASAFF).
Consultations have already been conducted Currently in a Draft form A national consultation will be conducted to validate this document Translated in Samoan, published and launched Mainstreamed into the Agriculture Sector Plan
What adaptation measures? What is happening? How might this affect fisheries? Rising air temperatures are resulting in higher sea surface temperatures Reef-based fish species already near their thermal limits may disappear; other species have some ability to adapt but average sizes are expected to be smaller. Some large pelagic fish may be unable to adapt, so some preferred fish species could disappear. These changes cannot be prevented so adaptation is possible only by shifting commercial targets and consumers changing their personal preferences. Expansion of pond aquaculture can help offset declines in yield. Individual fish will tend to grow faster, and to be shorter-lived; breeding of some species will commence earlier and there could be a mismatch between timing of reproduction and best development. Local knowledge and observations will help monitor this sort of change, though its consequences cannot be fully understood at this time. Some adaptation is possible through aquaculture. conditions for larval Initial assessment is that skipjack tuna schools will not be adversely impacted and, in the long term, possibly increase; however tuna habitat may be reduced where oxygen minimum zones expand. Monitor tuna climate change impact information as it is updated and consider modifying oceanic fisheries operations and locations to suit. Coral bleaching In some situations some coral replanting may be a practical way of hastening reef recovery but the main measure will be to work with others to reduce adverse impacts on reef health such as sediment and pollutants, and to eliminate physical damage to reefs. FADs can help to aggregate fish so as to ease the situation for inshore fishers experiencing fisheries. Establish fish reserves/marine protected areas to minimise physical damage to coral reefs decline in their reef
More carbon dioxide Positive expectations for skipjack tuna stocks in Samoan waters could be No direct adaptation measure can be taken to prevent this sort of dissolved in seawater compromised if research establishes that recruitment is lowered by adverse decline. causes it to become effect of increasing ocean acidity on fish larvae and on plankton. more acidic The capacity of corals and shell-forming species to deposit calcium carbonate If other impacts that damage coral reefs can be curbed (such as habitat declines as seawater acidity damage, pollution, crown-of-thorns predation) this will help maintain reef- rises. Weakened coral reef structures are more based fisheries for longer until a new ecosystem achieves some form of vulnerable to storm damage so a gradual decline in coral reefs, and the many balance. Nothing can be done to prevent this change except, perhaps, where fish and other species associated reef building species tolerant to with them, is anticipated - with an increase in lower pH are identified and are used in reef herbivorous fish species. rehabilitation/adjustment activities. Sea level is rising Inundation of coastal seagrass and mangrove habitat will reduce fish nursery Compensate for habitat loss by actively encouraging inland extension of areas. seagrasses and mangroves - a difficult measure that will require cooperation and understanding, and compromise, from affected persons and agencies. Increased wet More freshwater in estuaries and increased sediment carried into Monitor adverse impacts on coastal fisheries and use the information in season rainfall estuaries and onto reefs. coordination with efforts by crops, livestock and forestry to bring about upstream management that minimises soil erosion. Management of water catchments under customary land tenure also to be addressed through Community Based Fisheries Management Committees. The combined effects Interactions of increased sea temperature and carbon dioxide, coupled with Fisheries Division interaction with Community Based Fisheries Management of climate change expected changes in ocean circulation and changed pH are likely to bring Committees provides a good basis for adaptive measures. Also, seek about changes in larval dispersal and fish schooling. guidance from computer based modelling/simulations that may assist in understanding the changing patterns of dispersal and schooling, and testing management measures to suit. Outbreak of Crown of thorn starfish (COTS) as a result of increased disturbance from more intense storms. Through partnership arrangements with village communities and other agencies collect and burn COTS and other control measures.
