Seismic Waves and Earthquake Epicenters
Explore the fascinating world of seismic waves and earthquake epicenters with engaging visuals and detailed explanations. Discover how to locate epicenters, calculate travel times, and determine origin times using seismographs and scrap paper methods.
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Presentation Transcript
Locating Epicenters 13 Dec 2021
Do Now 1. What is the epicenter? 2. How many seismic stations are required to locate the epicenter? The point on the surface above the focus Three 3. What is a tornado? A tornado is a violently rotating column of air that is in contact with both the surface of the Earth and a cumulonimbus cloud
Second, use the ESRT pg 11 and a piece of SCRAP paper to mark off the time difference. Scrap Paper
Second, use the ESRT pg 11 and a piece of SCRAP paper to mark off the time difference. Scrap Paper
Second, use the ESRT pg 11 and a piece of SCRAP paper to mark off the time difference. Scrap Paper
Slide the SCRAP paper up until the two tick marks line up to the P&S wave line THEN read down for distance. Scrap Paper Scrap Paper 800 km
Travel time Travel time is the time it takes the seismic wave to travel from the epicenter to a seismograph
The epicenter is 2000 km away. What is the P-wave travel time? 4:00 The epicenter is 8000 km away. What is the P-wave travel time? 11:20
Origin time The time the earthquake occurs It is found by subtracting the travel time from the arrival time 12:30:00 30:00 12:00:00
P-Wave S-Wave S-P Distance to epicenter Travel time Origin San Jose 13:19:20 13:22:40 NYC 13:21:20 13:26:20 San Francisco 13:20:20 13:25:00
P-Wave S-Wave S-P Distance to epicenter Travel time Origin San Jose 13:19:20 13:22:40 3:20 NYC 13:21:20 13:26:20 5:00 San Francisco 13:20:20 13:25:00 4:40
P-Wave S-Wave S-P Distance to epicenter Travel time Origin San Jose 13:19:20 13:22:40 3:20 2200 NYC 13:21:20 13:26:20 5:00 3600 San Francisco 13:20:20 13:25:00 4:40 3100
P-Wave S-Wave S-P Distance to epicenter Travel time Origin San Jose 13:19:20 13:22:40 3:20 2200 4:20 NYC 13:21:20 13:26:20 5:00 3600 6:30 San Francisco 13:20:20 13:25:00 4:40 3100 5:50
P-Wave S-Wave S-P Distance to epicenter Travel time Origin San Jose 13:19:20 13:22:40 3:20 2200 4:20 13:15:00 NYC 13:21:20 13:26:20 5:00 3600 6:30 13:14:50 San Francisco 13:20:20 13:25:00 4:40 3100 5:50 13:14:30
P-Wave S-Wave S-P Distance to epicenter Travel time Origin San Jose 13:19:20 13:22:40 NYC 13:21:20 13:26:20 San Francisco 13:20:20 13:25:00
Do only this section P-wave S-Wave S-P San Jose NYC San Francisco
P-wave S-Wave S-P San Jose 00:20:50 00:30:10 9:20 NYC 00:18:40 00:25:40 7:00 San Francisco 00:15:50 00:20:30 4:40
Find distance to epicenter Distance to Epicenter San Jose NYC San Francisco
Distance to Epicenter (km) San Jose 8000 NYC 5600 San Francisco 3200
Find origin time P-Wave S-Wave S-P Distance to epicenter Origin San Jose 8000 NYC 5600 San Francisco 3200 00:20:50 -00:11:20 P-wave travel time 11:20 00:09:30
What is the origin time of this earthquake? San Jose: P-wave travel time? 11:20 P-wave arrival minus travel time 00:21:00 00:11:20 00:09:40 NY: P-wave travel time? 9:00 P-wave arrival minus travel time 00:18:40 00:09:00 00:09:40
San Francisco: P-wave travel time? 6:00 P-wave arrival minus travel time 00:15:50 00:06:00 00:09:50 00:10:00 00:10:15 00:09:50
Do Earthquake B P-Wave S-Wave S-P Distance to epicenter Travel time Origin San Jose NYC San Francisco
P-Wave S-Wave S-P Distance to epicenter Travel time Origin San Jose 00:20:50 00:30:10 9:20 8000 11:20 00:09:40 NYC 00:18:40 00:25:40 7:00 5500 9:00 00:09:40 San Francisco 00:15:50 00:20:30 4:40 3200 6:00 00:09:50
