Smart Grid Supergrids Overview
Supergrids are large infrastructures designed for transmitting electricity over long distances using HVDC technology to accelerate global renewable energy transition. This article delves into the technical aspects, benefits, challenges, and current supergrid projects in China and Europe.
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ELEC-E8423 - Smart Grid Supergrids Ilmari Jylh & Mikael Lindell 28.05.2024
Introduction What are Supergrids? Technical overview Benefits & Challenges Current Supergrid Solutions & Projects Conclusion 28.05.2024
What are Supergrids? Large technical Infrastructures for creating interconnections Supergrids are designed to transit large amounts of electricity between long distances Mainly based on high voltage direct current (HVDC, +500 kV) technology Accelerating energy transition by transmitting renewable energy globally 28.05.2024
Technical overview a) Single DC line and multi-terminal AC-DC interconnection No DC meshes and no redundancy b) AC terminals and independent DC grid Different DC lines can operate at different voltages Straightforward to incorporate existing HVDC lines in the new DC grid c) Meshed DC grid and multi-terminal AC-DC interconnection More reliable than the single DC line system 28.05.2024
Benefits Challenges High investments costs Enables trade of high volumes of electricity across great distances with low losses Provides flexibility o Fewer bottlenecks Challenges in technical constraints: o DC breakers o DC/DC converters Solution to fight climate change o Renewable integration Political and economic challenges o Who is responsible for what? 28.05.2024
Supergrid development: China China is the world leader in UHVDC development, with over 30 projects in the past two decades 35 000+ km, 170+ GW of HVDC connections Strong government support and funding 2009: First UHV demonstration line (North Central) 1 000 kV, 650 km 2019: Changji Guquan UHDVC link (Northwest East ) 3 000 km, 1 100 KV, 12 000 MW Longest, highest voltage line in the world East Asian supergrid: China, Korea, Japan, Russia and Mongolia Future expansion to Southeast Asia, India, Europe, Middle East? 28.05.2024
Supergrid development: Europe Existing HVDC links used for international connections and offshore wind farms Mostly underwater Limited capacity EuroAsia (Greece Cyprus Israel) 2000 MW, Construction started, completion by 2026 Desertec/Medgrid (Europe North Africa Middle East) Status: ? Current (red), under construction (green) and planned (blue) HVDC connections Dealing with multiple countries and TSO s Commission proposal: Independent system operator? Connection to East Asia? 28.05.2024 Desertec/Medgrid
Supergrid development: US/India/other USA: Connecting national grid, increasing HVDC capacity, connections to Canada, Mexico, Caribbean islands? India: 6000 MW, 1800 km UHVDC link by Hitachi ABB (2019), connecting southern wind to northern thermal Many more supergrid proposals have been made South America, Africa, Oceania Global supergrid? 28.05.2024 07.02.2018
Conclusions Supergrids are designed to transit large amounts of electricity between long distances, mainly based on high voltage technology. Major objective of supergrids is to answer the global energy transition, by enabling transmitting renewable energy over longer distances. Implementing supergrids requires strong international cooperation, involving technical, financial, legislative and political questions. 28.05.2024
References IRENA, Innovation landscape brief: Supergrids , International Renewable Energy Agency (2019), Online: https://www.irena.org/- /media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2019/Sep/IRENA_Supergrids_2019.pdf?la=en&hash=4C6639C08B1BEC582B700609C 6D3C3B2E126AE70 Hojckova et al. Energy, Sustainability and Society (2022) https://doi.org/10.1186/s13705-022-00368-y https://spectrum.ieee.org/chinas-ambitious-plan-to-build-the-worlds-biggest-supergrid https://www.hitachienergy.com/about-us/customer-success-stories/changji-guquan-uhvdc-link O Connor E, Fitzgerald J, and Kjaer C. "A European renewable supergrid for Europe s future weather-dependent power system." European Energy & Climate Journal 11.1 (2022) Online: https://www.elgaronline.com/view/journals/eecj/11/1/article-p13.xml https://commission.europa.eu/projects/ending-energy-isolation-project-common-interest-euroasia-interconnector_en http://cleanandsecuregrid.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/12/North-American-Supergrid.pdf https://www.hitachienergy.com/news/press-releases/2020/09/hitachi-abb-power-grids-energizes-first-phase-of-raigarh-pugalur- 800-kv-uhvdc-transmission-link 28.05.2024
Thank you for your attention! Questions? 28.05.2024
