Soil Profiles and Taxonomy for Proper Classification
Learn the importance of describing soil profiles, using dichotomous keys, and classifying soil orders to determine suitability for specific uses. Explore simplified diagnostic horizon keys and endopedon characteristics for effective soil analysis.
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Presentation Transcript
Why Describe Soil Profiles? Why Describe Soil Profiles? There are no reliable interpretations of soil suitability without proper classification of the soil. And There is no reliable classification without description of soil properties. Therefore, In order to determine a soil s suitability for a given use we must describe, classify, and interpret the soil. Steps of Soil Classification 1. Describe Describe the soil to determine its properties. 2. Classify Use the described properties to classify the soil. 3. Interpret Use the soil properties to interpret best uses and limitations.
What is a Dichotomous Key? A Dichotomous Key: Asks a series of Yes-No questions in an inverted tree structure. The answer to one question determines the next question. Once passing a given question, users follow that branch to the end and ignore any questions from any other branches. Use the following Dichotomous keys with the Soil Taxonomy Exercise 2. The first key is used to determine the Epipedon. The second key is used to determine the Soil Order
Surface Mineral (Epipedon) simplified diagnostic horizon key (dichotomous) No Structure? Yes Color No Chroma 3 Value 3 ? Yes No Depth 25 cm ? Ochric Yes No SOM 1.0% ? Yes No BS 50% ? Umbric Yes Mollic SOM Soil Organic Matter BS Basic Saturation
Simplified Taxonomic Order key for Corn Belt Soils Yes Histic? Histosol More common in Northern Great Lakes Region: MI, MN, WI No Yes Spodic ? Spodosol No Yes Mollic? Mollisol Dominant soils in Corn Belt No Yes Ochric/umbric + Argillic , BS 35%? Alfisol No Yes Small, isolated areas anywhere, often associated with river systems Cambic? Inceptisol No Entisol Endopedon subsurface diagnostic horizon BS Basic Saturation
Endopedon Characteristics (simplified) Albic eluvial horizon Based mostly on color Chroma 2 & value 3 moist & 6 dry or 4 moist & 5 dry Or Chroma 3 & value 6 moist or 7 dry Spodic illuvial horizon pH 5.9 & SOC 0.6% Illuvial accumulation of organic carbon and aluminum with/without iron Appear redder or blacker or both than overlying horizon. Argillic illuvial horizon Illuvial accumulation of clay Amount of clay increase depends upon texture, minimum 3% or 1.2 x clay of overlying layer Cambic illuvial horizon Some evidence of soil development: structure or color changes from parent material Does not meet characteristics for other endopedons
