Space Exploration Vocabulary Building and Usage in English Learning Unit 4

English Learning Unit 4 Space Exploration Vocabulary

English Learning Learning objectives In this class we will Build up our vocabulary by brainstorming words related to the space exploration. Enlarge vocabulary by roots and affixes. Learn some important usages of the key words. Apply what we have learnt to exercises.

English Learning Words mentally mental adj. adv. _________________ intelligent adj. adv. ________________ n. __________________ 3. ______________v. adj. _________________ adj. independent adv. _________________ n. ______________________ 4. determine v. adj. ______________ n. ______________ determination intelligently intelligence dependent depend independently independence determined _________________ disappointing 5. ________________v. adj. disappoint disappointed n. _____________________ disappointment

English Learning Key words 1. mental ['mentl] adj. physical: adj. ; spirit: n. ; ; thought: n. ; e.g.: Astronauts not only had to learn how to use space equipment, but also had to do a lot of mental and physical training. ;

English Learning 2. intelligent [ n'tel d nt]: adj. clever: adj. ; bright: adj. ; wise: adj. ; smart: adj. ; intelligently adv. ; ; ; ; intelligence n. e.g.: 1)First of all, you must be intelligent enough to get a related college degree. 2)She s even more intelligent than her brother. 3)The child asked a lot of intelligent questions.

English Learning 3. frontier ['fr nt (r)]: n. ; ; ( , ) border: n. ; ( ) front: n. ; ; adj. ; ; e.g.: 1)Frontier incidents have been common on the border. 2)The frontier is so well guarded that no one can get across. 3)The USA has a frontier with Mexico.

English Learning 4. vehicle ['vi kl]: n. car: ; taxi: truck: train: ship: ; boat: spaceship/spacecraft: motorbike/motorcycle: e.g.: 1)Are you the driver of this vehicle? 2)Despite the vehicle s size and weight, it is not difficult to drive. 3)This vehicle has been parked in front of the school. ; jeep: plane: ; helicopter: bike/bicycle: bus: n. aircraft:

1. Police insist that Michael did not __________________ ____________( ) in applying for a visa. 2. ____________( ) not only had to learn how to use space __________(equip) , but also had to do a lot of __________(mentally) and __________(physically) training.3. After many _____________(experiment) , they succeeded in making _____________(rocket) that could escape Earth s __________( ) . 4. The USA __________________( 5. ____________(intelligent) cannot be overvalued. 6. Fulfill one's duty____________(intelligent) . intelligently follow the correct procedure Astronauts equipment mental physical experiments rockets gravity has a frontier with ... ) Mexico. Intelligence

English Learning 5. determine [d 't m n]: v. determination [d t :m ne n]: n. determine/decide to do : determined [d 't m nd]: adj. be determined to do : e.g.: 1)The people in that country have a right to determine their own future. 2)The woman determines to continue working when she reaches retirement age. 3)However, some scientists were determined to help humans realise their dream to explore space. 4)He s determined to pass the driving test this time. 5)The government is determined to clean up the city. ; ; ; ;

English Learning 6. launch [l nt ]: v./n send up: 1)The Russia will launch a communications satellite tomorrow morning. 2)The new car will be launched next year. 3)They launched a surprise air attack on the capital in the early hours of the morning. ; ;

English Learning 7. giant ['d a nt]: adj. big: adj. ; ; huge: adj. ; large: adj. ; ; great: adj. : e.g.: ; ; ; n. ; ; ; 1)He is a manager of a giant factory. 2)Shakespeare was a giant writer. 3)The boss looks scary but he s really a gentle giant.

English Learning 8.leap [li:p]: n. ; v. ; ; (leapt--leapt [lept]; leaped--leaped) jump: v. ; ; ; 1)He had leapt from a window in the building and escaped. 2)I saw a fish leaping out of the water.

English Learning 9. mankind [m n'ka nd ]: n. all mankind: man: n. ( (a) human being: e.g.: ( , / ) , , ) 1)Over eight years later, on 20 July 1969, American astronaut Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon, famously saying, That s one small step for (a) man, one giant leap for mankind. 2)The civilization of mankind has taken thousands of years to develop. 3)Exploring outer space is a challenge to mankind.

1. On 4 October 1957, the Sputnik 1 satellite ___________ (launch) by the USSR and ____________ (success) _________ (orbit) around Earth. 2. Mars and Earth have _________(orbit) which change _______ time. 3. I admire her _______________ (determine) to get it right. 4. We set out _______________ (determine) exactly what happened that night. 5. Some scientists _______________ (determine) to help humans realize their dream to explore space. 6. I saw a fish _________(leap) out of the water then. 7. She took a flying _________(leap) and landed on the other side of the stream. was launched orbited successfully orbits determination to determine with were determined leaping leap

English Learning 10.transmit [ tr ns'm t] [tr nz m t]: v. 1)The game was transmitted live( 2)The ceremony was transmitted live by satellite to over 100 countries. 3)The images( to the earth. ; ) all over the world. ) of the moon s surface were transmitted back

English Learning 11. disappointed [ d s 'p nt d ]: adj. disappoint : v. / disappointing: adj. disappointment: n. be disappointed at/by/in/with...: be disappointed in/with...: to one s disappointment: e.g.: ; / / ; ... 1)The result of the match will disappoint all the students. 2)All the students are disappointed at the result of the match. 3)The result of the match is disappointing (to all the students).

English Learning 12. desire [d 'za (r)]: n. desire to do...: desire sb to do...: e.g.: 1)These disasters made everyone sad and disappointed, but the desire to explore the universe never died. 2)I have a strong desire to help the children without parents. 3)We all desire health and happiness. 4)She desires that she (should) be sent abroad to study medicine. Tips: desire, suggest, propose, recommend, order/instruct/command, demand, request, require, ask, urge( ), insist( ) that , should do/be , should ; / v. ; /

English Learning 13. carry on: ; ; carry on (with) sth: carry out: ; e.g.: 1)This is because people believe in the importance of carrying on space exploration despite the huge risks. 2)You ll make great progress if you carry on working so hard. 3)We ll carry on a conversation with her mother tomorrow.

English Learning 14.on board: ; ; ; go on board: / / e.g.: 1)It orbits Earth and has astronauts from different countries on board, providing a continuous human presence in space. 2)The four astronauts on board will spend about 40 days in space. 3)When all the passengers were on board, the train left the station.

1. For example, Americas NASA space _____________(agent) ____________(launch) Voyager 1 on 5 September, 1977 to study deep space, and it still ____________(transmit) data today. 2.The study was based ______ data from 100,000 women. 3. There is _____ ongoing debate on this problem. 4. The result of the match _____________(disappoint) us soon. 5. We ___________________(disappoint) ____________ the result s~. 6. The result ______________________(disappoint) _____ us. 7. The message was transmitted _____ a radio station to audience. 8. It's generally believed that schools are _____________ (transmitter) or moral values. 9. The _____________ (transmit) of the disease has been controlled now. agency launched transmits on an will disappoint will be disappointed will be disappointing at/ with/ in/by to from transmitters transmission

English Learning 15. independently [ nd 'pend ntli]: adv. independent : adj. ; depend (on/upon...): v. independent [ nd 'pend nt ]: adj. e.g.: 1)It is the first time that she has lived independently. 2)She is now able to drive the car independently. 1)India became independent in 1947. 2)We hope to help the blind man to lead/live an independent life. 3)Your questions should be independent of each other. ; ; ; ;

English Learning 16. in (the) hope of doing sth: in hopes of doing : in the hope that : e.g.: 1)He studies hard in the hope of attending a key university. 2)We got up very early in the hope of catching the first train. 3)We got up very early in the hope that we could catch the first train.

English Learning 17. so as to (do sth): so as not to do ...: in order (not) to do...: to do...: in order that + e.g.: 1)In space, astronauts collect all dirty water so as to recycle it for later use. 2)Therefore, it should continue so as to provide new and better solutions to people s short-term and long-term problems. 3)You must set out at once in order not (so as not) to miss the first bus. 4)Many people have to wear glasses to/in order to/so as to see distant objects clearly. = To/ In order to see distant objects clearly, many people have to wear glasses. ; ( (so as to ) ) = so that + :

1. She is now able to drive the car _____________(dependent) . 2. After that, China launched the Tiangong 2 space lab into space and Tianzhou 1 ________(dock) ______ it. 3. Their ship is expected ________(dock) at 10 o clock. 4. All the ships are ____ dock, because a typhoon is ______its way. 5. Don t fire until I _______(signal) . 6. We got up very early _____ the hope _____ catching the first train. 7. We got up very early ____ the hope _____ we could catch the first train. 8. In space, astronauts collect all dirty water so as ________ (recycle) it for later use. independently to dock to dock with in on signal in of in that to recycle

English Learning 18. lack [l k]: n. a lack of food/money/skills: through/for lack of...: be/run/go short of...: e.g. 1)Astronauts bones and muscles can get very weak in space due to the lack of gravity, so they need to exercise every day, which will help them stay healthy. 2)Despite his lack of experience, he got the job. 3)Even though he lacked experience, he got the job. 4)She lacks confidence in her study. ; v. ; / ... ; /

English Learning 19. beyond [b 'j nd]: prep. without/beyond doubt: beyond repair: beyond/above/out of one s reach: in/within one s reach: It is beyond sb that/why : e.g.: 1)All the poor villagers live beyond the mountain. 2)The concert won t go on beyond midnight. 3)The exercise is beyond the abilities of most of the students. 4)The situation in the UK is beyond their control. 5)It s beyond me why she wants to marry Bob. ; ; / / / / /

1. Making lovely objects using _________ (recycle) and made material. 2. The garbage is then taken away and if possible __________ recycle . 3. The president used his ___________ (muscle) to persuade Congress to change the law. 4. It s __________ me why she wants to marry Bob. 5. Astronauts bones and __________ (muscle) can get very weak in space due to the _________( ) lack ____ gravity, so they need to exercise every day, ________ will help them stay ___________ (health) . 6. __________ his _________( ) ______experience, he got the job. 7. There isn t enough water __________(float) the ship. 8. You must work hard at the factory, __________________you will be fired. recycled recycled muscle beyond muscles lack of which healthy Despite lack of to float or/otherwise/or else

English Learning 20.current [ k r nt ]: adj. ; n. ; ; e.g.: 1)For example, using current technology, it would take over two years to get to the closest planet, Mars, and back. 2)Birds use warm air currents to help their flight. 3)Three people were swept away by the strong current. 4)The machine will start running as soon as the electric current is turned on.

English Learning 21.figure out: ; ; ; 1)It took them about one month to figure out how to start the machine. 2)No one can figure out how she is so rich. 3)She was trying to figure out what would happen next. 4)Have you figured out how much the trip will cost?

English Learning 22. sufficient [s 'f nt]: adj. ; enough [ n f]: ; ; ample [ mpl]: ; adequate [ d kw t]: abundant [ b nd nt]: ; 1)Will scientists figure out a way to store sufficient food and water for the long journey? 2)You should give the boy sufficient time to do the exercises. 3)Do you have sufficient money to build the highway? 4)The money that I have saved is sufficient to buy a flat in Beijing.

English Learning 23. keen [ki n]: adj. ; be keen to do...: / / be keen on doing...: be keen on sth/sb...: ; ; be eager to do...: be anxious to do...: / 1)I am very keen to know if she has passed all the exams. 2)Tom is very keen on the girl next door. 3)You are not keen on playing games, are you?

1. ________(send) people to other planets or even beyond the solar system is not ____easy goal ___________(achieve) . 2. How many planets are there _____the solar system? 3. Will scientists figure _____ a way to store _____________ (sufficiency) food and water for the long journey? 4. Please wash your face _____ a mild soap and warm water. 5. Use this _______(towel) ________ (dry) your hands. 6. He wiped his face ________ a clean towel. 7. We often heat foods ______ the microwave. 8. She shook her head and wiped her tears ________ a tissue. 9. The sports __________(facility) are open to both men and women. 10. I am very keen ________(know) if she has passed all the exams. 11. Tom is very keen ____ the girl next door. on Sending an to achieve in out sufficient with to dry towel with in with facilities to know

English Learning 24. argue [' ju:]: v. argument: n. argue for : argue with sb. on over/about sth. argue/talk/persuade/reason sb into doing : argue/talk/persuade/reason sb out of doing : persuade sb. (not) to do sth. / 1)Some people argue that we should stop wasting time and money exploring space. 2)He argued that they needed more time to finish the project. 3)I don t want to argue with you --- just do it! 4)She argued her father out of smoking. ; ; ; argue against : ; ; ; ; ;

English Learning 25. result in...: ; lead to...: ; cause: v. ; ; result from : 1)It has directly resulted in the many satellites that now orbit Earth. 2)The accident resulted in 23 deaths. 3)The bad weather resulted in the traffic jam. 4)The traffic jam resulted from the bad weather.

that 1. Some people argue _______ we should stop wasting time and money ___________(explore) space. 2. We had an ___________ (argue) ______ the waiter ________ the bill. 3. Instead, we should feed the world s poor and find immediate solutions to other problems, such as pollution and ___________ (fatal) diseases. 4. However, others feel this is a _________(shallow) view which fails to realise how _____________(explore) space helps us. 5. It has directly resulted ______ the many satellites ______ now orbit Earth. 6. The traffic jam resulted _______ the bad weather. 7. This experiment set _____ pattern ______ the world. a exploring with about argument fatal shallow exploring in that from for

English Learning 26. as a result: as a result of result in...: result from : result [r z lt]: n. 1)As a result, space-based science has helped farming in its efforts to ; ; ; ( ) ; v.( ; ( ) ) grow enough food to feed Earth s increasing population. 2)As a result, the bad thing has been turned into a good one. 3)Many people died as a result of drought and poor harvests. 4)As a result of the heavy fog, all flights have been put off.

English Learning 27. limited ['l m t d]: adj. limit: v. ; limit to : a limited company: limited company = Ltd ( / n. ; ; ; )

1. ______________(analysis) the situation before you act. 2. ______ a result _______the heavy fog, all flights have been put _______. 3. High-end products around the world are made to a higher standard now because of _____________ (advance) technology which was first created to meet the _______________(require) for space exploration. 4. The officials have not been allowed _________ (monitor) the election. 5. I think there is an age _________(limit) , but I'd have to check. 6. We set a _________(limit) ______ the expense of the trip. 7. Owing to the ______________(limit) of our knowledge, there must be mistakes and errors in the book. Analyse As off of advanced requirements to monitor limit limit to limitation

English Learning 28. provide for sb: support: v. ; feed: v. ; ; supply sb with = supply to/for sb: = provide sb with sth = provide sth for sb = offer sb sth = offer sth to sb 1)In order to provide for such a rapidly increasing population, scientists are trying to find other planets that could one day be our new home. 2)The woman has four children toprovide for. ; raise: v. ... ; ; keep: v. ;

English Learning 29. in closing: ; finally: ; in the end: ; at last: ; 1)In closing, exploring space provides the world with many different benefits. 2)In closing, Mr. Green offered his thanks to the senior high school. 3)In closing, I would like to say a few words about China s efforts to control Covid-19.

English Learning 30. run out (of...): be/go/run short of : wear out: ; 1)It is necessary to find a new home for people in space, as the resources on Earth will run out. 2)Their oil/money/food has run out. 3)Natural gas will be the first to run out. 4)Now they have run out of time/food/money. ; ; ;

English Learning 31. attach [ t t ]: v. ; ; attach...to...: ... / / ... tie to : / fasten to : ... ... attach to...: ; be attached to : ; attach importance/value/weight to : / / 1)While sleeping, they must attach themselves to something so as to prevent floating around. 2)Attach this rope to the front of the car/truck/jeep. 3)Don t forget to attach a recent photo to your application form. 4)The hospital/school is attached to that university. 5)We attach great importance to this research.

1. In order to provide _______ such a rapidly ____________ (increase) population, scientists are trying to find other planets ________ could one day be our new home. 2. He joined the army _____the closing ________(stage) of the war. 3. ______ closing, exploring space provides the world _______ many different benefits. 4. It is one of the great unsolved _____________(mystery) of the 20th century.5. It is necessary to find a new home for people in space, as the _____________(resource) on Earth will _______ ( 6. While ________(sleep) ,they must attach ____________ to something ______ as to prevent floating around. 7. The hospital _______________(attach) to that university. is attached for increasing that stages in In with mysteries run out/ be uesed up themselves resources ) . sleeping so

English Learning In the world, one should be _____________ of his family when he turns Exercises independent independently 18. That is to say, he must finish things ____________________.(depend) intelligence It is because of the people of__________________ that China has made great progress in space exploration.(intelligent) determined determines The ________________look on his face shows that he _______________ to determination achieve his goal with strong will and__________________ .(determine) disappointed We are __________________that in the special period of epidemic prevention and control, some people don't live in isolation.(disappoint)

English Learning M___________ has always explored the space ___________________( )finding out more about the u___________. They make v_________ like ____________ to carry brave people into space. On 4 October 1957, the Spautnik 1 s________was __________( ) by the USSR and successfully ________ .. around the earth. Afterwards a__________ Neil Armstrong stepped onto the moon. Following this, many more goals were achieved. Despite the huge risks, people will ________________( ) exploring this final frontier___________ ( )learn its secrets. so as to ankind in the hope of niverse spacecrafts ehicles launched allite orbited stronaut carry on

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