Statistics in Baseball: Overview and Analysis
In this detailed lecture on sabermetrics in baseball, we delve into key statistical metrics used to analyze player performance and contribution to team success. Discover the importance of metrics, their reliability, and the impact of various factors on a player's stats. Explore concepts like runs created, defensive pitching tools, and more with examples and insights shared by Lopez in MA 276.
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National Federation party Patel, the founder Federation Party, which Reddy led for much of his political career, was the greatest leader of the Indo-Fijian community in the pre-independence period. He is, truly, the unheralded father of Fiji s independence movement whose legacy is now sadly disregarded or otherwise dismissed in the officially-authorized versions of modern Fijian history... AD of the National Brij Lal, In the Eye of Storm: Jai Ram Reddy and Politics of Postcolonial Fiji, ANU, 2010, p. 10.
Origin of Federation Party The formation of the Federation Party was a direct consequence of the dispute between cane farmers and the Colonial Sugar Refining Company (CSR) in 1960 regarding the new cane contract. It contested the 1963 Legislative Council election under the banner of Citizens Federation, which was reconstituted as the Federation Party on 21 June 1964, with A.D. Patel as President and Sidiq Koya as Vice- president. The merger took place in time for the party to participate in the 1965 constitutional conference which was called to map out a path towards independence from the United Kingdom.
Formation of Federation Party and the 1965 conference The outcome of the constitutional conference was a major issue during the election, which was the first election in Fiji contested on Party lines. The Federation Party was expected to win at least the three cross-voting seats in the western division because of its predominantly Indian population but managed to win only the 9 Indian communal seats. The Alliance Party won 22 seats but the three independents and the two Council of Chiefs nominees joined it to give it a total strength of 27. Ratu Kamisese Mara of the Alliance Party became the Chief Minister and A.D. Patel became the Leader of the Opposition.
Formation of Federation Party and the 1965 conference Mara's Alliance Party was a coalition of indigenous and European factions, with minimal Indo-Fijian participation. Patel and the NFP were consigned to the opposition benches. In protest at the new government's refusal to call a second constitutional conference, Patel led the nine Federation Party legislators in a mass walkout in September 1967. Missing two consecutive sections of the Legislative Council resulted in the forfeit of their seats, forcing by-elections. The ensuing by- elections were marked by inter-ethnic violence. All nine Federation Party legislators were returned with increased majorities There were demonstrations by ethnic Fijians and calls to not renew native land leases and extreme elements called for Indians to be deported from Fiji. Relations between the Indo-Fijian and indigenous communities were at a new low.
The Formation of the National Federation Party In November 1968, the Federation merged with the National Democratic Party to form the National Federation Party. Patel and Koya became the President and Vice- President, respectively, of the merged party. Apisai Tora and Isikeli Nadalo, both indigenous Fijians, were leading figures in the NDP, and the merger brought well-known Fijians into the party for the first time. The attempt to position itself as a multi-racial party failed to translate into significant electoral support in the indigenous Fijian community. NFP never succeeded in getting ten percent of the Fijian vote at any poll. Less than a year after the founding of the NFP, Patel died suddenly on 1 October 1969. His deputy, Sidiq Koya, succeeded him as party leader.
NFP under the leadership of Sidiq Koya NFP and Alliance work together to attain independence The party played an important role in the negotiations that led to Fiji's independence from the United Kingdom in 1970. Their original demand for a universal franchise threatened to stall the independence process, but at a conference in London in April 1970, Sidiq Koya, eventually negotiated a compromise with Ratu Sir Kamisese Mara, the leader of the Alliance Party, the main ethnic Fijian-dominated party. With the leaders of both major ethnic groups working together for the first time in Fiji's history, the transition to independence was peaceful and the euphoria of independence continued for some time. Sidiq Koya travelled with the Prime Minister to India and the United Nations and there was talk of a coalition government. There were those within the National Federation Party (NFP) who were not happy with the close relationship between Sidiq Koya and Ratu Kamisese Mara, the most notable of whom was R. D. Patel, but for the time being dissent was not being expressed openly.
The 1972 general election The first general election since independence was held in May 1972 without the ethnic tension characteristic of the 1966 general election and the 1968 by-elections. The NFP won only 19 of the 52 seats in the House of Representatives, with Alliance Party actually increasing its share of the Indian vote. After the election, R.D. Patel, one of Koya's critics within the NFP, was elected speaker of the House of Representatives.
Honeymoon period between Mara and Koya ended From mid-1975, the relationship between Koya and Mara worsened. This was firstly due to the announcement by the Minister of Education that the Government would not subsidise school fees for non-Fijians. Former Alliance member moved a motion calling for the repatriation of people of Indian origin back to India, Koya was not happy with the measured response of the Alliance Government and accused it of "having elements which wanted to do legally what the Fijian Nationalist Party Leader, Sakeasi Butadroka, was trying to do illegally The Prime Minister rejected the recommendations of the Royal Commission which investigated the voting system, claiming that implementation of the recommendation would cause bloodshed in the country. Amicable relationship between Mara and Koya went sour during the latter half of the decade because both leaders faced internal challenges and charges of a sell out of the interests of their respective communities.
Split within NFP The inability of the NFP to make significant inroads into the ethnic Fijian vote kept the party in opposition in the years following independence. In the March 1977 election, however, a split in the ethnic Fijian vote enabled the NFP to win a plurality in the House of Representatives. Internal dissension, however, prevented the party from forming a government, as the party fractured over disputes about the leadership and the allocation of ministerial positions. Leadership crisis within NFP [between Koya and Jai Ram Reddy] led to Governor General Ratu George Cakobau appointing Ratu Mara as caretaker PM with his party ruling. Mara formed a minority government. The Governor-General, Ratu Sir George Cakobau, reappointed the defeated Prime Minister, Ratu Mara, and ordered a new election for September that year, in which the NFP was heavily defeated.
NFP under the leadership of Jai Ram Reddy A second election to resolve the impasse was held in September that year, resulting in a heavy defeat for the NFP after it had split into two factions known as the Dove and Flower factions. Another election-September 1977 -won 36/52 seats- Alliance government rule. NFP divided into Dove (Koya) and Flower (Ramrakha Narayan and Jai Ram Reddy) Factions. Koya lost his parliamentary seat to Jai Ram Reddy, who became the new leader of the NFP. Koya's Dove faction had won only 3 seats compared to 12 won by the Flower faction.
NFP under the leadership of Jai Ram Reddy Capitalizing on the pine controversy and other expressions of Western Fijian discontent, Gavidi launched his Western United Front on 17 July, 1981 Relations between the two sides deteriorated as the Alliance used its massive majority to push through legislations seen to be anti- Indian. In 1980, after Reddy criticised, Alliance's policy of reserving Crown land for use by ethnic Fijians only, he and Ratu Kamisese Mara were no longer on speaking terms. The NFP re-united for the 1982 elections and came close to winning the election by winning 24 seats in coalition with the Western United Front (WUF). Reddy's disagreement with the Alliance Speaker of the House led to his walkout in December 1983 and to resignation from parliament in April 1984 .
NFP-WUP coalition was launched on 11 January 1982, was described as a partnership of equals in which each party is to maintain its independent identity and objectives. This Coalition energies an election campaign that resolved around issues of political equality, balanced regional development and fair distribution of income. But Alliance party s flawed policies and neglect of ordinary Fijians helped fuel nationalist sentiments among extremist groups and disenchantment among the under-privileged Fijians and others.
S.M.KOYA-2ndterm as Party leader 1982-returned to Parliament under unified NFP Elected leader following Reddy s resignation Accused of favoring own supporters for crucial appointments within party Barred NFP Youth Wing from a Working Committee Meeting -seen as dictatorial Internal dissension reached climax when a Koya supporter, Dr Balwant Singh Rakkha, selected to contest Lautoka seat left vacant when Reddy resigned NFP Youth Wing put up its own candidate, Davendra Singh; NFP Youth Wing had support of former Flower faction and also claimed Reddy s support. Reddy did not openly campaign for either candidate. During the campaign, Koya turned the election into a referendum on himself, and threatened to resign if Rakkha lost. The result was a win for Singh by a narrow margin but Koya did not go ahead with his threat.
NFP lost further ground with emergence of Fiji Labour Party(FLP) October 1985 Suva City Council elections NFP failed to field a candidate, FLP won most seats In the By-election for North Central seat (based in Ba), Alliance won narrowly over FLP candidate Mahendra Chaudhry. NFP placed last December 1985- parliamentarians resigned With party falling apart, Koya resigned from leadership Replaced by Harish Sharma 3 prominent NFP
Coalition with Fiji Labour Party 1987 April 1987 elections-lost to coalition of newly formed Fiji Labour Party[Timoci Bavadra and his secretary Krishana Datt] with NFP. FLP secretary was Mahendra Chaudhary. They called themselves as democratic socialist advocating social justice, balanced economic development and regional equalities in Fiji; reforming such institutions as the Native Land Trust Board in consultation with the landowners and others; encouraging public ownership of selected ventures such as bus industry; nationalizing the gold mine industry and improving the strained structure of industrial relations. For 1987 elections, formed coalition with FLP under leadership of Dr Timoci Bavadra Coalition won election New government overthrown one month later In military coup led by Lieutenant Colonel Sitiveni Rabuka
A new constitution was promulgated which provided for a built-in ethnic Fijian majority in legislature This condemned NFP to permanent opposition status 1997 Rabuka government agreed to revise constitution Jai Ram Reddy played key role in negotiations New Constitution removed the guaranteed ethnic Fijian majority from Parliament 1999 elections-formed a coalition with the Fijian Political Party (SVT) led by Rabuka A tactical mistake Many Indo-Fijians had not forgiven Rabuka for his role in the overthrow of the Bavadra government and the drafting of a constitution they widely considered to be racist For the first time in 36 years, NFP lost all seats in the History of Representatives
Since 2000 2001 election- NFP contested election calling for establishment Reconciliation Commission to look into 2000 coup that deposed FLP government led by M. Chaudhry. Had only 10% of popular vote and one parliamentary seat-lost later in a court challenge of a Truth and
Modest Revival & Victories October 2003 Municipal elections- formed coalition with PM Qarase s SDL party, gave it control of 6 municipalities Gained control of Nadi Town Council Re-elected Chandu Umaria as mayor of Suva 2005 municipal polls, Ba and Nadi remained in NFP and Sigatoka(with SDL), gained seats in Suva vs FLP through Indo-Fijian vote new leader-Dorsami Naidu- NFP more modern focus- on women and disadvantaged 2005- announced -a multiracial party focus on winning support of all ethnic communities Fiji Strongly opposed Reconciliation & Tolerance Bill- proposed by Qarase government giving President power to grant compensation to 2000 coup victims, and amnesty to coup perpetrators Petitioned against the Bill July 2005- D Naidu-resigned as president following his arrest on common assault & sexual charges 31 July at party s annual conference in Nausori attended by 600 members- Raman Pratap Singh (lawyer & former parliamentarian) elected as leader
Towards 2006 present voting system- alternative ballot system votes cast for low polling candidates may be transferred to higher polling candidates, as specified by the candidates These transferred votes is known as preferences Parties negotiate with other parties for exchange of preferences NFP general secretary Pramod Rae & treasurer Ashok Bal Govind indicated party aim for a central position in Fiji politics by forming alliances with parties that shared its philosophies Had negotiated with SDL in 2001 elections 2006 elections-NFP share of popular vote fell by 6%, its lowest ever Failed to win a parliamentary seat.
Jan 2013-military regime promulgated new regulations governing registration of political parties, requiring all parties to have at least 5,000 members 14 Feb 2013- NFP applied for registration 3 May 2013-registration was granted NFP is contesting elections in 2014 together with other registered parties The NFP elected Biman Prasad, Professor of Economics at the University of the South Pacific, as its new leader in March 2014, while Roko Tupou Draunidalo, scion of a distinguished political and chiefly family, was elected President of the party. Three NFP candidates, including Prasad and Draunidalo, were returned in the 2014 elections, the first since the 2006 coup. Prasad is now the leader of NFP caucus in Parliament, Shadow Minister of Finance and Chairman of the Parliamentary Public Accounts Committee.
