Strongylosis in Horses
Strongylosis in horses, also known as red worm disease, is caused by nematodes found in the large intestine. Learn about its etiology, life cycle, pathogenesis, clinical findings, pathology, diagnosis, and treatment.
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Strongylosis in Horses or Red worm disease Dr. Pallav Shekhar Asstt. Professor Veterinary Medicine UNIT-6
Red worms are nematodes commonly found in large intestine of horses and other equide It is one of the important disease of horse characterized by verminious arteritis and colic.
Etiology Strongylus vulgaris S. edentatus S. equines
Life Cycle Eggs Faeces L1 and stage L2 L3 stage Penetrate the intestinal wall, formation of nodules in the muscular and sub serosal layer Moult to L4 stage in the nodule Invade arteries Peritoneal cavity Cranial mesenteric artery Marked thickening of arterial wall Thrombus formation Young adult return to s.i via the lamina of the arteries Damage to mucosa of int. due to feeding habit L4 stage
Pathogenesis Damage produced by migratory larvae Mass emergence of mucosal larvae Adult worm
The larvae of Strongylus can alter intestinal motility, intestinal carbohydrate absorption. The larvae of S. vulgaris are most pathogenic causing arteritis, thrombosis and thickening of the wall of the mesentry. Colic may be caused by the pressure of the thickened cranial mesenteric artery on the mesenteric plexus permeability and
Clinical findings Pyrexia In appetance Intermittent colic Diarrhoea in heavy infection
Pathology Leucocytosis Eosinophilia Presence of red worm in intestine
Diagnosis Anaemia Loose faeces Thick shelled oval egg
Treatment Fenbendazole @ 30mg/kg Or 7.5mg/kg daily for 5 days Migratory Strongylus vulgaris can be controlled by with Ivermectin @ 0.2mg/kg orally.
Verminous Bronchitis Parasitic Bronchitis Husk or Hoose Lung worm disease of Cattle
Etiology Dictyocaulus viviparus Disease is Characterized by Pneumonia and Coughing Host- Cattle, Generally calf upto 4 month of age are highly susceptible
Life Cycle Trachea & Bronchi Adult worm Eggs Coughed Swallowed L3 stage (Intestine) Penetrate intestinal wall Ingested by Cattle L1 & L2 intestine Comes out in feces Enters mesentric lymph nodes Enters into venous blood stream Via lymphatics heart lung Migrate to bronchioles, bronchi and trachea Egg laying alveoli
Epidemiology In comparison with GI nematodes of cattle, relatively few worms are required to produce clinical signs. The disease is almost entirely confined to grazing cattle and occurs most frequently in young animals. Disease spread by coughing and source of infection is infected pasture
Pathogenesis Migration of Dictyocalus larva does maximum damage to lung. Passage cause collapse of lung alveoli and blockage of bronchioles. When Coughed the eggs, larvae, fragment of worms are aspirated and provoke aspiration pneumonia. It produces atelectesis and cattarhal pneumonia In massive invasion, it may lead to collapse of lung.
Clinical Findings Acute cases: Rapid, shallow breathing Coughing with slight nasal discharge. Temp upto 104-105 F Sub Acute form: More common in calves Temp. usually normal to slightly elevated. Susceptible to bacterial pneumonia.
Diagnosis Dictyocalus viviparus confirm the lung worm infection. Diagnosis confirmation by Berman Technique
Treatment Anthelmentic + NSAID or Corticosteriod + antibacterial + antiallergic Ivermectin 0.2mg/kg s/c Fenbendazole -5mg/kg Levamisole-7.5mg/kg oral
