Study of Life on Earth: Taxonomy, Taphonomy, and Statistical Distributions
Categorize life on Earth using taxonomy, explore the process of fossilization in taphonomy, and delve into statistical distributions and p-values in this informative content. Discover how organisms are classified, the factors affecting fossil preservation, and the significance of statistical analysis, including null and alternative hypotheses.
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Presentation Transcript
Museum Assignment Overview
Taxonomy Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Study of classifying organisms Categorize life on Earth First done by Linnaeus (1758) God s creations Place animals into groups based on similarity
What happens to you after you die? Taphonomy: field of geology that focuses on the process of fossilization and preservation of remains Taphonomic processes: things that happen Three of processes to know Taphonomic factors (filters): things that matter Three of factors to know
Taphonomic processes Necrolysis: breakup of the organisms after death Composed of perimortem and postmortem aspects Biostratinomy: burial of an organism, physical process Diagenesis: post-burial transformation
Taphonomic factors Taphonomic factors (filters): actions that can remove organisms from the fossil record Extrinsic factors: components of the environment that remove fossils Intrinsic factors: components of an organism s physiology that remove fossils Time: the greater amount of time, the more losses can accumulate
Statistical distributions and p-values Null hypothesis: general statement that an individual is no different from a random sampling of other individuals AKA: nothing interesting is happening Alternative hypothesis: statement that the individual you are measuring is different from a random sampling of other individuals AKA: something interesting is happening
AKA there is a 0.3% chance he is from this population (p-value = 0.003) Empirical Rule 68% within 1 SD 95% within 2 SD 99.7% within 3 SD 3.0 SD 0.3% of population are expected to be this tall
Statistical distributions and p-values By convention p-values less than 0.05 are considered statistically significant Misconception About p-values A low p-value denotes that the alternative hypothesis is true Low p-values mean that likelihood of incorrectly rejecting the null hypothesis is very low
