Summary of Joint Meeting on Fundamental Interactions Area Education at Sapienza Physics Department

Slide Note

Focus of the meeting is to discuss the educational offerings in Fundamental Interactions area for undergraduate and graduate Physics courses at Sapienza. The aim is to review course structures, update student attraction statistics, and propose any necessary changes or teaching initiatives. A key proposal is to establish a joint department-section committee for continuous analysis. General aspects include involvement levels, preparation of annual researcher/technologist lists, and procedures for graduation sessions. The meeting will also cover details about the Excellence Paths Program with specific criteria for students' eligibility and involvement in various activities.

lam_lac Follow

Uploaded on Apr 20, 2025 | 0 Views

Download Presentation

Please find below an Image/Link to download the presentation.

The content on the website is provided AS IS for your information and personal use only. It may not be sold, licensed, or shared on other websites without obtaining consent from the author.If you encounter any issues during the download, it is possible that the publisher has removed the file from their server.

You are allowed to download the files provided on this website for personal or commercial use, subject to the condition that they are used lawfully. All files are the property of their respective owners.

Download Presentation

The content on the website is provided AS IS for your information and personal use only. It may not be sold, licensed, or shared on other websites without obtaining consent from the author.

E N D

Presentation Transcript

AIDSACTIONBALTIMORE TOWN HALL COVID-19VACCINES AIDS ACTION BALTIMORE Lynda Dee October 6, 2021

AAB Town Hall COVID-19: Who Gets COVID-19 COVID-19 Who Gets vaccinated COVID-19 Vaccine Update COVID-19 Variants and Duration COVID-19 Boosters (Third Vaccine Shot) FDA Vaccine Approval Calendar COVID-19 Treatment

AAB Town Hall Who Gets COVID-19; Over 700,000 Deaths 1 in 390 Native Americans (or 256.0 deaths per 100,000) 1 in 555 Black Americans (or 179.8 deaths per 100,000) 1 in 565 Pacific Islander (or 176.6 deaths per 100,000) 1 in 665 White Americans (or 150.2 deaths per 100,000) 1 in 680 Latino Americans (or 147.3 deaths per 100,000) 1 in 1,040 Asian Americans (or 96.0 deaths per 100,000)

AAB Town Hall Who gets COVID-19 Vaccinations Adults with at least one vaccine dose 72% of all US adults 71% of Whites 70% of Blacks 73% of Hispanics

AAB Town Hall COVID-19 Vaccines: Pfizer (n= 44,000) FDA Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) 12-10-20 2 doses, 3 weeks apart 97% Efficacy: Symptomatic COVID-19 90% in the real world; 2 weeks after second dose Effective against asymptomatic COVID-19 and transmissibility Side Effects: ISRs, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, nausea most common; chills fever, joint pain less common; anaphylactic shock least common, but most serious All side effects worse after second dose; worse in 64 and younger

AAB Town Hall COVID-19 Vaccines: Moderna (n= 30,000) FDA Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) 12-17-20 2 doses 4 weeks apart; storage: 4 degrees below zero 96% efficacy in <65; 86% in >65 2 Weeks after second dose Effective against asymptomatic COVID-19 and transmissibility Side Effects: ISRs, fatigue, headache, muscle pain, nausea most common; chills fever, joint pain less common; anaphylactic shock least common, but most serious All side effects worse after second dose; worse in 64 and younger

AAB Town Hall COVID-19 Vaccines: J & J (n= 45,000) FDA EUA: 2-27-21 One dose; no storage, transportation or cold chain issues Trials conducted in US, Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, Peru and South Africa Efficacy: 72% US, 66% Latin America, 57% South Africa, overall efficacy: 66%; no hospitalizations or deaths in any country Side Effects: ISRs, fatigue, headache, muscle pain most common; fever, joint pain, diarrhea less common; rash, swollen lymph nodes least common; blood clots which caused a brief EUA pause that severely dampened trust in this vaccine

AAB Town Hall COVID-19 Vaccines: Novavax (MD) (n= 15,000) EUA filed but not completed-more data required 2 doses; no storage, transportation or cold chain issues Trials conducted in UK, AU, South Africa, US, Mexico Efficacy: 90%: wild type virus with no variants; 85.6% with United Kingdom variant and 55% with South African variant? Side Effects: ISRs, fever, headache, most common; joint pain, fatigue less common? Side effect reports incomplete: Blood clots?

AAB Town Hall COVID-19 Vaccines: AstraZeneca(AZ)/Oxford No US EUA filing yet; data not yet FDA reviewed EUA in many European countries; one of Europe s main options Mired in controversies; temporary holds in many countries Dosage mistake: 1 full dose, one half dose; half dose was better? Transverse myelitis (MS), rare inflammation of the spinal cord? Blood clots definitively determined to be caused by AZ vaccine Efficacy discrepancy: 79 or 76%, 82% with vaccine 12 wks apart? Failure to cooperate with the NIH; DSMB called them out publicly Very serious credibility issues

AAB Town Hall Variants: UK, Brazil, SA, CA, NY, Delta All viruses mutate to survive, creating what is known as variants/mutations/mistakes; similar to HIV resistance The more COVID-19 spreads unchecked, the more it mutates. The more it mutates, the more variants appear Variants may develop quickly in the immunosuppressed Variants also develop in combinations Variant examples: UK, Brazil and India s Delta variant Delta variant has overtaken all other variants at this time To date, no variant has overtaken vaccines used in the US

AAB Town Hall Delta Variant Delta variant is more infectious and more deadly So far, Pfizer, Moderna and J&J vaccines remain effective against Delta variant; .08% of breakthrough cases Most breakthroughs are not causing severe COVID/death More and more breakthrough cases are being reported Variants may eventually overpower our vaccines if more people fail to be vaccinated, thus requiring booster shots The search is on for a universal corona virus vaccine

AAB Town Hall COVID-19 Vaccine Duration How long will current vaccines be effective? Will we need boosters (third shots or more)? 6-8 months, 1 year??? Will COVID-19 require regular vaccines like the flu? All these questions are still being studied

AAB Town Hall CDC Boosters Recommendation for the Immuno-Compromised Moderately to severely immunocompromised, including Receiving active cancer treatment for tumors or cancers of the blood Received an organ transplant; taking medicine to suppress the immune system Received a stem cell transplant within the last 2 years Primary immunodeficiency (such as DiGeorge syndrome, Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome) Advanced or untreated HIV infection Active treatment with high-dose corticosteroids, other drugs that may suppress immunity People should talk to healthcare provider about eligibility, and whether to get boosters

AAB Town Hall Third Dose Pfizer Booster Approved by FDA ACIP/CDC approval is also required for vaccines People >65, 6 mos. after receiving Pfizer vaccine People 18 to 64 at high risk of severe COVID-19 High risk of serious complications from frequent institutional or occupational exposure The two dose Pfizer vaccine regimen was previously fully approved by the FDA

AAB Town Hall Pfizer Booster Approved by CDC >65 and residents in long-term care settings vaccine (ACIP approval) 50 64 years with underlying medical conditions (ACIP approval) 18 49 years with underlying medical conditions, based on individual benefits and risks (Also approved by CDC Director, overruling ACIP) 18-64 years who are at increased risk for COVID-19 exposure and transmission because of occupational or institutional setting, based on their individual benefits and risks (CDC Director approval, overruling ACIP)

AAB Town Hall Mixing and Matching Different Vaccines Studies are underway No data is yet available No drug companies have yet filed data with the FDA Safety and efficacy issues? Dosage issues? Dose timing issues?

AAB Town Hall Moderna Booster FDA Schedule: 10-14-21 Moderna EUA Amendment hearing How long after initial dose; half the original dose? J&J Booster FDA Schedule: 10-15-21 Second J&J booster, not third dose Effectiveness: 94% against moderate illness? How long after initial dose?

AAB Town Hall Pfizer FDA Schedule: 10-26-21 EUA Amendment Children 5 to 11 Safety Effectiveness Previous EUA for children ages 12-15 in May 2021

AAB Town Hall COVID-19 Treatment: Molnupiravir Merck is preparing an FDA EUA First oral drug for COVID-19 treatment 50% risk reduction of hospitalizations and death? 7.3% of people on molnupiravir hospitalized or died 14.1% of people on placebo a month later Toxicity: Cancer: Risk in pregnancy, reproductive age???