Surah Al-Hashr: The Mustering and Punishment Faced by the Jews

Surah Al Hashr The mustering Madani Verse 24

Link to previous surah O Surah Mujadillah condemned the close friendship developed by the hypocrites with the Jews O This surah Punishment faced by the Jews in this world, in the form of exile and in the hereafter in the form of torture O The whole surah is about Bani Nadir

Verse 1 5 The exile

Cause of revelation O When the Muslims migrated to Madinah O Peace treaty with the Jews O Banu Nadir (Jewish tribe) lived around Madinah O Amr ibn Ummaayh Damuri (muslim) killed two people by mistake O Muslim had to settle this Prophet collected money from the Muslims and the Jews to pay the blood money. When the Prophet went to Banu Nadir they had planned to kill him O Went he got there, they sat him down and were conspiring a plan O Allah informed Prophet of their plans , prophet left them O He sent a message to Banu Nadir that they have gone against the treaty, they were given 10 days to leave otherwise they will be killed

O They decided to leave but Abdullah Ibn Ubay prevented them from leaving he said to them that I have an army of 2000 men willing to protect Jewish lives O They fell in this trap and informed prophet Muhammad that they will not be leaving O The prophet and companions went to the tribe, the Jews had locked themselves in a fortress. Sieged the fortress, eventually they agreed to leave O So they were forced to evacuate and leave their fortress O Out of kindness they were allowed to take provisions, animals etc with them (not weapons)

Bani Nadir O Decedents of Prophet Haroon (as) O Forefather were scholars of the Torah which contained a full description of the final prophet and that he will migrate to Madinah O They expected the prophet to come from the decedents of Haroon (as) O They were jealous and did not accept the faith

Treaty with the Jews O He would not fight with them O They will not fight with him O They will not aid those who fight with the Muslims O If Jews were attacked, Muslims would help them O And other conditions

O Treaty was obeyed until the battle of Uhud O When they saw the Muslims were defeated O Secretly started to conspire O Many ways to kill the Prophet O Even attempted it O Allah protected the Prophet

How did the Prophets approach to Bani Nadir comply with human rights today?

No massacre, No stealing their wealth or property, No executions, No settlements O they were allowed to take their wealth O They were given 10 days to leave O Just some trees were burnt down, fortress was not attacked O The Muslims helped them take their things out of Medina

Verse 2 O The first banishment this story O The second banishment Time of the Caliph of Umar (ra) Jews were banished out of Arabia

Verse 6-10

Verse 6 Fai O Spoils property of non Muslims that is acquired from battle O LAW this is distributed to the fighters (Surah Anfal) O Fai property of non Muslims acquired without a battle eg. Peaceful surrender O Law- The prophet can give to whoever he likes or keep it 5 beneficiaries have been defined

Verse 7 Beneficiaries 1. His messenger 2. Kinsman 3. Orphans 4. The needy 5. The Wayfarer