Survey of the Old Testament: Canaan to Babylon Mountjoy Bible School
Delve into a comprehensive study of the Old Testament, spanning from the lands of Canaan to the era of Babylon. Join the Weymouth class of 2019 as they explore the rich history, stories, and lessons found within the Old Testament scriptures. Gain a deeper understanding of the cultural and religious contexts of this period, shedding light on the foundations of biblical teachings and beliefs.
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Lesson Four Survey of the Old Testament Part 2: Canaan to Babylon Mountjoy bible school Weymouth class of 2019
An overview of the Old Testament Our first part of the survey of the Old Testament covered a period of 2600 years from Eden to the border of Canaan Within this period we have limited information over great periods of time From Adam to Noah (1500 years) From Babel to Abraham (300 years) From the end of Genesis to the beginning of Exodus (400 years)
An overview of the Old Testament In this lesson we will cover a period of 850 years from Canaan to Babylon but without gaps in the record In the first part of the overview we looked at the Torah the five books of Moses This lesson we will look at seven books of history in which are embedded five important prophets who have not written books Next lesson we will look at the books of prophecy
The Prophets in their historical setting Prophets of the Northern Kingdom HOSEA JONAH AMOS Prophets of the monarchy EXILE TO ASSYRIA NATHAN SAMUEL ELISHA ELIJAH 1 SAMUEL 2 SAMUEL GAD JOSHUA 2 KINGS JUDGES 1 KINGS RUTH The disruption EXILE TO BABYLON LAMENTATIONS ZEPNANIAH HABAKKUK JEREMIAH OBADIAH NAHUM MICAH ISAIAH Prophets of the Southern Kingdom JOEL 1450 BC 1150 BC 1000 BC 725 BC 600 BC
An overview of the Old Testament From the birth of Abram to the death of Jacob in Egypt, what we might call the family period, is 400 years From the death of Joseph to the Exodus from Egypt, what we might call the tribal period, is 400 years The theocracy from the Exodus to king Saul is 400 years The monarchy from Saul to the last king of Judah is 400 years
An overview of the overview Joshua takes the nation into Canaan Judges records the decline of the nation over a period of 250 years when God raised up twelve leaders (judges) of whom six are prominent Ruth is the beautiful story of the love of a Moabitess girl for her Hebrew mother-in-law 1 Samuel records the life and work of the last judge and father of the prophets Samuel, then the first king Saul and the great king David
An overview of the overview 2 Samuel is the record of the forty years reign of King David; it is divided into two halves by his great sin of adultery and murder 1 Kings begins with Solomon but is principally the book of the Disruption when the kingdom is torn in two. 2 Kings is the book of the Dispersion , it continues the story of the two kingdoms until the Northern kingdom is taken into exile in Assyria then Judah is taken into exile in Babylon 130 years later
Introductory Books 8 The first three books are the introduction to the kingdom. The site of the kingdom is the land , that is Canaan, or later, Israel. The land was included in the Abrahamic covenant. These books describe the entering and settling of the land, where the kingdom was to be established. Mountjoy Bible School
Introductory Books 9 Last word of the introductory books is David (Ruth 4.22), which tells us that we are moving towards the kingdom. A kingdom is an ordered society where Everyone has a place And security and benefits And responsibilities And perform duties Mountjoy Bible School
Joshua The hero of the book is Joshua, whose name means The Lord Saves ! This is the same name as Jesus in the New Testament. Joshua is a worthy successor to Moses, listening to God and leading the people in much the same way.
Joshua He has a difficult task, because the land of Canaan cannot be conquered by military might. It can only be captured through a venture of faith. The disobedience of even a single person can lead to disaster for everyone. Above all, there is to be no compromise with the pagan nations who live in Canaan, or their gross fertility gods.
Joshua; The outlines The book opens with Israel camped on the east of Jordan preparing to enter Then follows the strategy of warfare, the three main campaigns of the army, chapters 1-12 Then the structure of welfare, the dividing of the inheritance and the cities of refuge, 13 22 It closes with an epilogue, a powerful message from Joshua 23-24
Joshua; The commission Joshua had been commissioned in the time of Moses And the LORD commissioned Joshua the son of Nun and said, Be strong and courageous, for you shall bring the people of Israel into the land that I swore to give them. I will be with you. Deut 31:23 Now he has his commission confirmed
Joshua; The commission No man shall be able to stand before you all the days of your life. Just as I was with Moses, so I will be with you. I will not leave you or forsake you. Be strong and courageous, for you shall cause this people to inherit the land that I swore to their fathers to give them. Only be strong and very courageous, being careful to do according to all the law that Moses my servant commanded you. Do not turn from it to the right hand or to the left, that you may have good success wherever you go
Joshua; The commission This Book of the Law shall not depart from your mouth, but you shall meditate on it day and night, so that you may be careful to do according to all that is written in it. For then you will make your way prosperous, and then you will have good success. Have I not commanded you? Be strong and courageous. Do not be frightened, and do not be dismayed, for the LORD your God is with you wherever you go. Joshua 1:5-9
Joshua and the Angel of the covenant When Joshua was by Jericho, he lifted up his eyes and looked, and behold, a man was standing before him with his drawn sword in his hand. And Joshua went to him and said to him, Are you for us, or for our adversaries? And he said, No; but I am the commander of the army of the LORD. Now I have come. And Joshua fell on his face to the earth and worshiped and said to him, What does my lord say to his servant? And the commander of the LORD s army said to Joshua, Take off your sandals from your feet, for the place where you are standing is holy. And Joshua did so. Joshua 5:13-15
Joshua - Warfare 17 Victory depends on Preparation Egypt finally left behind Crossing of Jordan with the ark. The Tabernacle is pitched at Gilgal Those born in the wilderness are circumcised and the reproach of Egypt is rolled away Mountjoy Bible School
Joshua - Warfare And the LORD said to Joshua, Today I have rolled away the reproach of Egypt from you. And so the name of that place is called Gilgal to this day. Joshua 5:9 (ESV) They will return always to Gilgal 18 Mountjoy Bible School
Joshua - Warfare 19 Victory depends on Purity Disobedience in warfare is a capital offence In God s army it is called sin , and was committed by Achan. The army was weakened and defeated as a result. The situation was only recovered when the treason had been discovered and punished. Mountjoy Bible School
Joshua - Warfare 20 Victory depends on Unity Against Jericho they were united. Then as an indirect result of Achan s sin, they lost the mind of God. So when planning the campaign against Ai they divided the army for the first and only time. They fled before their enemy. Mountjoy Bible School
Joshua - Warfare 21 Victory depends on Strategy Three campaigns One in the centre One in the South One in the North Mountjoy Bible School
Joshua - Warfare 22 Victory depends on recovery. After each campaign the army returned to Gilgal to rest. Gilgal was where the ark was! At Gilgal they recovered and restored their weapons to battle condition. They did not go from campaign to campaign. Come ye apart and rest awhile is often good advice, even for a soldier Mountjoy Bible School
Joshua - Welfare 23 By chapter 13 the great campaigns are over There is still much land to be possessed as The Lord tells Joshua but he is now to divide up the land and each tribe will take possession of their own Caleb & Joshua had been there before and they knew what to ask for Now therefore give me this mountain Chap. 14:12 Mountjoy Bible School
Joshua - Welfare 24 The tribes of Reuben and Gad and the half tribe of Manasseh fought in the campaigns but had already decided to make their home outside the land on the east side of Jordan They were only half committed to the plan of God They would be the first to be carried away into captivity Mountjoy Bible School
Joshua - Welfare 25 By chapter 18 the tabernacle is moved to Shiloh Then the whole congregation of the people of Israel assembled at Shiloh and set up the tent of meeting there. The land lay subdued before them. Joshua 18:1 (ESV) The tribe of Levi were given 48 strategically placed cities and among them were the six cities of refuge as promised in Numbers 35 Mountjoy Bible School
Joshua - Welfare 26 Thus the LORD gave to Israel all the land that he swore to give to their fathers. And they took possession of it, and they settled there. And the LORD gave them rest on every side just as he had sworn to their fathers. Not one of all their enemies had withstood them, for the LORD had given all their enemies into their hands. Joshua 21:43-44 (ESV) Any student of Joshua is obliged to read Hebrews chapters 3 and 4 where we discover that the whole book is a type of the believer entering into all that God has prepared for them Mountjoy Bible School
From Canaan to Babylon: Judges 27 The outline Explanatory prologue chapters 1&2 Oppression & Deliverance chapters 3 to 16 Whilst twelve judges are listed six are recorded in detail Illustrative epilogue chapters 17 to 21 Mountjoy Bible School
Judges: the prologue If Israel could expunge the record of the book of Judges from their history they surely would After the triumphant book of Joshua the book of Judges is a record of abject failure The reasons are placed right at the door in chapter 1 This failure is caused by compromise
Judges: the prologue And the LORD was with Judah, and he took possession of the hill country, but he could not drive out the inhabitants of the plain because they had chariots of iron. Judges 1:19 (ESV) The rest of the chapter lists seven other tribes that did not drive out the Canaanites but came to terms with them Then appears the Angel of the covenant introduced in Ex. 23 and who had appeared in Joshua chapter 5 Behold, I send an angel before you to guard you on the way and to bring you to the place that I have prepared. Exodus 23:20 (ESV)
Judges: the prologue Now the angel of the LORD went up from Gilgal to Bochim. And he said, I brought you up from Egypt and brought you into the land that I swore to give to your fathers. I said, I will never break my covenant with you, and you shall make no covenant with the inhabitants of this land; you shall break down their altars. But you have not obeyed my voice. What is this you have done? So now I say, I will not drive them out before you, but they shall become thorns in your sides, and their gods shall be a snare to you. As soon as the angel of the LORD spoke these words to all the people of Israel, the people lifted up their voices and wept. And they called the name of that place Bochim. And they sacrificed there to the LORD. Judges 2:1 5 (ESV)
Judges: the prologue Compromise is the cause of failure then and now What agreement has the temple of God with idols? For we are the temple of the living God; as God said, I will make my dwelling among them and walk among them, and I will be their God, and they shall be my people. Therefore go out from their midst, and be separate from them, says the Lord, and touch no unclean thing; then I will welcome you, and I will be a father to you, and you shall be sons and daughters to me, says the Lord Almighty. 2 Corinthians 6:16 18 (ESV)
Judges: the prologue Living with the Canaanites brings the standards of the Canaanites then the gods of the Canaanites And the people of Israel did what was evil in the sight of the LORD and served the Baals. And they abandoned the LORD, the God of their fathers, who had brought them out of the land of Egypt. They went after other gods, from among the gods of the peoples who were around them, and bowed down to them. And they provoked the LORD to anger.
Judges: the prologue They abandoned the LORD and served the Baals and the Ashtaroth. So the anger of the LORD was kindled against Israel, and he gave them over to plunderers, who plundered them. And he sold them into the hand of their surrounding enemies, so that they could no longer withstand their enemies. Whenever they marched out, the hand of the LORD was against them for harm, as the LORD had warned, and as the LORD had sworn to them. And they were in terrible distress. Then the LORD raised up judges, who saved them out of the hand of those who plundered them. Judges 2:11 16 (ESV)
Judges Oppression & Deliverance 34 Apostacy Chapter 3:5-8 Oppression The king of Mesopotamia 8yrs. The king of Moab 18yrs. The king of Canaan 20yrs. To Midianites 7 yrs. To Philistines 18 yrs. To Philistines 40 yrs. Deliverer Othniel 3:9-11 Chapter 3:12-14 Ehud 3:15-30 also Shamgar 3:31 Deborah 4:4-31 also Barak Gideon 6:11-8:35 Chapter 4:1-3 Chapter 6:1-10 Chapter 10:6-18 Jephthah 1:1-12:7 Chapter 13:1 Samson13:2-16:31 Mountjoy Bible School
Judges: The repeated story 35 The six episodes display a tragic failure to learn from mistakes and all follow a distinctive pattern SINNING SUFFERING It is important to note that it is the lord who imposes the judgement SUPPLICATION SALVATION We give the first example of the six Mountjoy Bible School
Judges 36 The oppression of the king of Mesopotamia 8yrs. Judges 3:7 11 SINNING And the people of Israel did what was evil in the sight of the LORD. They forgot the LORD their God and served the Baals and the Asheroth. Therefore the anger of the LORD was kindled against Israel, and he sold them into the hand of Cushan-rishathaim king of Mesopotamia. And the people of Israel served Cushan-rishathaim eight years. But when the people of Israel cried out to the LORD, the LORD raised up a deliverer for the people of Israel, who saved them, Othniel the son of Kenaz, Caleb s younger brother. The Spirit of the LORD was upon him, and he judged Israel. He went out to war, and the LORD gave Cushan-rishathaim king of Mesopotamia into his hand. And his hand prevailed over Cushan- rishathaim. So the land had rest forty years. Then Othniel the son of Kenaz died. SUFFERING SUPPLICATION SALVATION Mountjoy Bible School
Judges the appendix of apostacy 37 The Benjamin outrage includes civil war the harbouring of criminals prostitution & marital desertion homosexuality, rape and adultery mass abduction These are an example of the sins which cause the Lord to sell Israel into the hands of their enemies Mountjoy Bible School
Judges: The diagnosis of God 38 There was no king in Israel and Every man did that which was right In his own eyes Mountjoy Bible School
From Canaan to Babylon: Ruth In the days when the judges ruled there was a famine in the land, and a man of Bethlehem in Judah went to sojourn in the country of Moab, he and his wife and his two sons. Ruth 1:1 (ESV) It is remarkable that at the very lowest point of the history of Israel, when apostacy has reached a climax, we are introduced to one of the most beautiful histories in the Bible
From Canaan to Babylon: Ruth This history is during the period of the Judges but is clearly written in David s time and may even have been written by David Ruth is the great grandmother of David and she is a girl from Moab Though the nation is not in a place to take the purposes of God forward, nevertheless He will find a way, God can use anyone!
Comparing Ruth and Esther Ruth and Esther are the only two books of the Bible to have a woman s name Ruth - Gentile girl brought into the land Esther - Jewish girl outside the land Ruth - Gentile girl providing the Jews with a Jewish king. Esther - Jewish girl protecting the Jews from a Gentile king
Ruth: an outline Chapter one we are introduced to the determination of a young woman motivated by love Chapter two her love is worked out in hard work and service Chapter three introduces us to a redeemer a Goel Chapter four she herself is beloved and becomes the mother of a royal dynasty
Ruth: chapter one The whole story of famine and family disaster is like a dark background for the most powerful and beautiful vow ever recorded in human history And Ruth said, Intreat me not to leave thee, or to return from following after thee: for whither thou goest, I will go; and where thou lodgest, I will lodge: thy people shall be my people, and thy God my God: Where thou diest, will I die, and there will I be buried: the LORD do so to me, and more also, if ought but death part thee and me. vv.16-17
Ruth: chapter two The story is stunningly beautiful, in the setting of abject poverty and heartbreak, Ruth becomes a pauper begging in the fields of Boaz gathering stray ears of cereal but Boaz has heard of her loyalty to Naomi The LORD recompense thy work, and a full reward be given thee of the LORD God of Israel, under whose wings thou art come to trust. v. 12 Boaz protects and plans for her welfare And let fall also some of the handfuls of purpose for her, and leave them, that she may glean them, and rebuke her not. v.16
Ruth: chapter three The Kinsman Redeemer (in the Hebrew goel) was an important part of the law of Moses for the protection of widows; given in Lev. 25, Num. 35 and Deut. 14 &25 No family of Israel should die out and if someone were widowed and childless then she should remarry one of her kin goelim and the nearest of them was the goel He had to redeem his brother s inheritance He had to avenge his brother s violent death And he had to raise up a successor to his brother if his brother had died without having a son
Ruth: chapter four Boaz has fallen in love with Ruth but he is not the goel for Naomi has a nearer kinsman. This kinsman is willing to buy back the lands for Naomi but he cannot accept marrying a Moabitess girl for fear of spoiling his own family line But Boaz is accepted by the elders as the true goel and far from Ruth spoiling his family line he becomes the father of Obed and great grandfather of king David And the women said unto Naomi, Blessed be the LORD, which hath not left thee this day without a kinsman, that his name may be famous in Israel. And he shall be unto thee a restorer of thy life, and a nourisher of thine old age: for thy daughter in law, which loveth thee, which is better to thee than seven sons, hath born him. Ruth 4:14 15 (AV)
From Canaan to Babylon: 1 Samuel The twin books of Samuel and the twin books of Kings are in the Hebrew scriptures each just one book The famous translation of the Hebrews scriptures into Greek, the Septuagint, made in the 3rd century B.C., divided these books into two and Jerome followed this when he translated the Bible into Latin in the 4th century A.D. Jerome calls them the First, Second, Third and Fourth book of Kings (still noted in the A.V)
1 Samuel: an outline The division of Samuel into two books is understandable from the point of view that 2 Samuel records the forty years of David s reign 1 Samuel is a history with three biographies Chapters 1-7 give us the story of Samuel Chapters 8-15 the story of Saul Chapters 16-31 the story of David Above all it is the book of the transition from theocracy (rule by God) to monarchy (king)
The man Samuel This transition is to be a retrograde step but God will overrule in a new covenant with David But first of all a look at Samuel As a leader of the nation Samuel ranks with Moses and Joshua To understand the importance of Samuel we must first appreciate the condition of the nation when he appeared
1 Samuel Now the boy Samuel was ministering to the LORD in the presence of Eli. And the word of the LORD was rare in those days; there was no frequent vision. 1 Samuel 3:1 (ESV) When God intervenes in times of crisis he often sends a baby; Isaac, Moses, Samuel, John the Baptist, Jesus; all miracle children Samuel is the last of the judges and the first of the prophets. There had been prophets before in Moses time and in the time of the judges but now there is the institution of the prophetic office
