TCP/IP: Protocols, Network Layers, and Connections
Discover the fundamentals of TCP/IP, a suite of communication protocols linking network devices on the internet. Learn about TCP connections, network addressing, and how messages traverse network layers. Explore the implications of implementing TCP/IP for organizations in terms of cost reduction, equipment maintenance, and staff training.
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Presentation Transcript
TCP/IP Examples 5.6-5.7 [140+ ~ 148-] #13 Nyllan Ngo
What is TCP/IP? Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol Is a suite of communication protocols used to interconnect network devices on the internet
TCP/IP Example Required network addressing information Device s own IP Address Subnet Mask IP address of default gateway IP address of at least one DNS server Obtained from a configuration file or DHCP
TCP/IP Examples 1. A Client (128.192.98.130) requests a Web page from a server (www1.anyorg.com) Client knows the server s IP 2. A Client (128.192.98.130) requests a Web page from a server (www2.anyorg.com) on a different subnet Client knows the server s IP 3. A Client (128.192.98.130) requests a Web page from a server (www1.anyorg.com) on an unknown address Client does not know server s IP
TCP Connections Whenever a computer transmits data to another computer, it must choose whether to use a connection-oriented service TCP or a connectionless service UDP Most application layer software such as Web browsers (HTTP), email (SMTP), FTP, and Telnet use connection-oriented services. This means that before the first packet is sent, the transport layer first sends a SYN segment to establish a session. Once the session is established, then the data packets begin to flow. Once the data are finished, the session is closed with a FIN segment.
TCP/IP and Layers Host Computers Packets move through all layers Gateways, Routers Packets moves from Physical layer to Data link Layer through the network Layer At each stop along the way Ethernet packets are removed and a new one is created for the next node IP and above packets never change in transit ( created by the original sender and destroyed by the final recveiver)
Implications for Management Organizations standardizing on TCP/IP Decreases cost of buying and maintaining equipment Training networking staff Network providers are also moving towards standardization Running out of IPv4 addresses, slowly move to IPv6
