The Dark Triad of Personality: Narcissism, Machiavellianism, and Psychopathy
Exploring the dark side of personality traits through the lens of narcissism, Machiavellianism, and psychopathy. Learn about key characteristics, measurement methods, and connections between these traits. Dive into research questions and hypotheses to understand the implications of the Dark Triad on individual behavior.
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THE DARK TRIAD OF PERSONALITY: NARCISSISM, MACHIAVELLIANISM, AND PSYCHOPATHY Delroy L. Paulhus & Kevin M. Williams
THE GIST OF IT ALL WHAT IS WHAT IS THE THE DARK DARK TRIAD? TRIAD?
LITERATURE REVIEW NARCISSISM Main Characteristics Main Characteristics How it s measured How it s measured Narcissistic Personality Inventory Test (NPI) Originated from the DSM (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Grandiosity Entitlement Superiority Dominance
LITERATURE REVIEW MACHIAVELLIANISM Characteristics Characteristics Cold Manipulative How it s measured How it s measured Mach IV Richard Christie The end justifies the means -Niccolo Machiavelli
LITERATURE REVIEW PSYCHOPATHY Characteristics Characteristics How it s Measured How it s Measured Self-Report Psychopathy Scale (SRP III) Psychopathy Check List (Hare) Gold standard of measurement High impulsivity Thrill seeking Low empathy Low anxiety
LITERATURE REVIEW What s the Connection? What s the Connection? Socially malevolent characteristics Behaviour tendencies towards self promotion Emotional coldness Duplicity Aggressiveness
LITERATURE REVIEW Psychopathy Machiavellianism Narcissism
HYPOTHESIS Are they equivalent? Are they equivalent?
RESEARCH QUESTIONS When mapping the Dark Triad on the Big Five domains what differences and similarities are noticed? Would characteristics of the substantial self- enhancement observed in narcissists also be evident in Machiavellian and sub clinically psychopathic individuals?
METHODOLOGY 245 undergraduate psychology students (65% female) participated in the study for an extra course credit Step #2 Step #2 Step #1 Step #1 Supervised Administration of global cognitive ability (IQ) Over Claiming Measure Objective Measure Anonymous Questionnaire Dark Triad Big 5 Intelligence
STEP #1 THE DARK TRIAD Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) 40 item questionnaire Machiavellianism Test (Mach IV) 20 items on a 5 point likert scale Self-Report Psychopathy(SRP 111) 30 five point items .84 .84 .79 .79 .74 .74
STEP #1 THE BIG FIVE 44 item questionnaire Personality Traits: Extraversion Agreeableness Conscientiousness Neuroticism Openness .87 .87 .81 .81 .81 .81 .86 .86 .80 .80
STEP #1 INTELLIGENCE Four 5-point scales 1 Not at all, 5 Very Much Items were: Intelligent, smart, good at school and known as brainy .83 .83
STEP #2 Wonderlic Personnel Test Supervised, 50 item Verbal & Non Verbal Over Claiming Questionnaire (OCQ) Cognitive Ability Self-Enhancement Bias .84 .84 .93 .93
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS & RESULTS Conscientiousness Machiavellians Psychopaths Neuroticism Psychopaths Agreeableness Narcissists Machiavellians Psychopaths - -.34 .34 - -.24 .24 - -.36 .36 - -.47 .47 - -.25 .25 - -.34 .34
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS & RESULTS Extraversion Extraversion Openness Openness Narcissism Narcissism .41 .38 Psychopathy Psychopathy .34 .24
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS & RESULTS Small positive correlations with cognitive abilities and narcissism Highest scores on non-verbal IQ Machiavellianism Psychopathy Over-claiming Narcissism Over-estimate their intelligence .20 .20 .13 .13 .17 .17 .24 .24
FUN FACT Males scored the highest on all 3 of the Dark Triad Two-tailed test p<.05 NPI .11 .11 MACH IV .21 .21 SRP 111 .40 .40
DISCUSSION Big Five showed low agreeableness in all 3 Narcissists and psychopaths scored the highest in extraversion and openness Machiavellianism and psychopathy scored lowest in the conscientiousness category Psychopaths scored low on neuroticism and therefore lack anxiety
DISCUSSION Self enhancement 1. Narcissists 2. Psychopaths Does not apply to Machiavellianism Narcissists to Psychopaths Grandiosity & poor insight Significant associations of Machiavellianism and psychopathy with a relatively higher non-verbal to verbal IQ score
THE GOOD, THE BAD & THE UGLY Machiavellians and narcissists, more of an irritation than threat A blessing in disguise? Personal life Interpersonal life Organizational contexts Psychopathy more difficult Positive self view, lack of anxiety
CONCLUSION They are not equivalent! They are not equivalent!
DISCUSSION QUESTIONS Which job or job position do you think suits a narcissist, Machiavellian or psychopath best? Which of the 3 seem the worst or least tolerable? What about them makes you think this way? Which do you see as most beneficial? (society, personal life, organizational contexts)
