The English Civil War and the Birth of the Commonwealth
Explore the turbulent events of the English Civil War, where King Charles I clashed with Parliament over power and finances, leading to the rise of new social classes and ultimately the birth of the Commonwealth under Oliver Cromwell's leadership. Witness the struggle for supremacy between the Royalists and the Roundheads, culminating in the execution of King Charles I and the establishment of a republic in England.
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Presentation Transcript
Charles I and the new social classes James I (died 1625) Charles I (1625-1649) He believed in the divine right of Kings : the king s absolute power to rule without Parliament and to reject laws made by it Meanwhile in England new social classes were arising: Landed gentry (landowners); New middle classes (merchants and artisans) They supported the Parliament and they demanded to be more represented
Struggle between the King and the Parliament The King wanted to raise money on his own without the approval of the Parliament The Parliament was determined to control finances
The Petition of Right In 1628 the Petition of Right was forced on Charles, which limited his power in several ways and prevented him from raising taxes without the parliamentary authorisation. When Parliament refused to give him money, Charles responed by dissolving Parliament and from 1629-40 ruled as an absolute monarch.
The Civil War (1642) A civil war broke out for supremacy between two opposing factions: The Royalists (King) VS The Roundheads (Parliament, led by Oliver Cromwell) They were Puritans They were supported by the new gentry along with small landowners and artisans
The birth of the Commonwealth The Roundhead, led by Oliver Cromwell, took control of London and formed the so called Rump Parliament who voted Charles I s execution. On 30 January 1649 King Charles I was executed, the monarchy was abolished and Cromwell established a sort of republic known as the Commonwealth.
