Threats to Study Validity in Quantitative Research
Explore possible threats to internal and external validity in quantitative research designs through scenarios involving longitudinal studies, discipleship programs, experimental assignments, and statistical tutorials. Enhance your understanding of research design criteria and potential biases affecting study outcomes.
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Quantitative design: Ungraded review questions
Mary Mei conducted a longitudinal study by following cohorts from 2001 to 2008. She implemented a new math program at Grade 4 and monitor student progress until Grade 10. What is/are the possible threat(s) against internal validity of this study? A. History. B. Maturation. C. Regression to the mean. D. All of the above
Sue Yu recruited 100 youths from a church by convenience sampling, and then introduced a 6-month discipleship program to them. She compared the pretest and the posttest scores of spirituality to investigate whether the program could make a difference. Assume that the spirituality scale is good (reliable and valid), what is/are the possible threat(s) against internal validity of this study? A. Selection of subjects (sampling bias) B. Mortality (drop out). C. Testing effect D. All of the above
Dr. Digging Grave ran an experiment by assigning the students into two groups. The control group used the regular curriculum whereas the treatment group adopted a new one used by the honor program. What is/are the potential problem(s) in this study? A. John Henry effect B. The control is not comparable to the treatment. C. What Dr. Grave did is unethical. D. All of the above
Dr. Donald Doug randomly assigned students into two groups. In the treatment group the participants watched a multimedia tutorial on statistics. Dr. Doug wants to know whether using multimedia could enhance test performance in statistics. What is/are the potential threat(s) against external validity of this study? A.Multiple treatment interference B. John Henry effect C.Selection bias D.All of the above
In research design we need to be proactive by anticipating the potential threats against the validity of the study. This is in alignment with which criterion of research design? A. Completeness B. Efficiency C. Insight D. All of the above
In a study Dr. Penny Wise tried to find out whether Windows users or Mac users could score better in a test of computer literacy. When some participants were taking the test, Dr. Penny walked around the test center to observe how students use their computers. Sometime she even looked over the shoulder of the student. What is likely to happen (Choose the best answer)? A. John Henry effect B. Rosenthal s effect C. Pygmalion Effect D. Hawthorne effect
In an experiment Dr. Art Major hoped to confirm his conjecture that his new math class could improve critical thinking. When he gave the assignment to the treatment group, he encouraged his students by saying: "I believe in you," "You can do it," "You are special," "You are smart," "You will be a successful student," and "You are the best of the best." But he said nothing to the control group. What is likely to happen (choose the best answer)? A. John Henry effect B. Rosenthal s effect C. Pygmalion Effect D. B & C
