Transportation Sector Energy Consumption Analysis
This detailed analysis delves into the energy consumption trends of the transportation sector, highlighting historical data, projections, and consumption patterns by mode and fuel type. It covers major areas such as light-duty vehicles, medium and heavy-duty vehicles, air transport, commercial vehicles, and more.
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Transportation sector energy consumption Transportation sector consumption by mode AEO2021 Reference case quadrillion British thermal units Transportation sector consumption by fuel AEO2021 Reference case quadrillion British thermal units 2020 2020 35 35 history projections history projections 30 30 light-duty vehicles medium- and heavy-duty vehicles air commercial light trucks rail marine other 25 25 20 20 motor gasoline distillate fuel oil jet fuel electricity other 15 15 10 10 5 5 0 0 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2021 (AEO2021) www.eia.gov/aeo
Transportation sector minor petroleum and alternative fuels consumption Transportation sector consumption of minor petroleum and alternative fuels AEO2021 Reference case quadrillion British thermal units 2020 2.5 other history projections compressed and liquid natural gas 2.0 electricity 1.5 residual fuel oil 1.0 other petroleum pipeline fuel natural gas 0.5 0.0 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 3 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2021 (AEO2021) www.eia.gov/aeo
Transportation sector delivered electricity and natural gas Delivered electricity by mode Delivered compressed and liquefied natural gas by mode AEO2021 Reference case quadrillion British thermal units AEO2021 Reference case quadrillion British thermal units 0.6 0.6 other buses medium- and heavy-duty vehicles marine freight rail other passenger rail light-duty vehicles 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.2 0.0 0.0 2020 2030 2040 2050 2020 2030 2040 2050 4 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2021 (AEO2021) www.eia.gov/aeo
Passenger and freight travel by mode Vehicle travel AEO2021 Reference case trillion vehicle-miles Passenger travel AEO2021 Reference case trillion revenue passenger-miles 2020 projections Rail and domestic shipping AEO2021 Reference case trillion ton-miles traveled 2020 2020 4.0 4.0 4.0 projections projections 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.0 3.0 3.0 light-duty vehicles 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.5 freight rail air 1.0 1.0 1.0 heavy-duty trucks bus passenger rail domesticmarine 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 2010 2030 2050 2010 2030 2050 2010 2030 2050 5 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2021 (AEO2021) www.eia.gov/aeo
Energy intensity by transportation mode Passenger travel energy intensity by mode AEO2021 Reference case British thermal units per passenger-mile Freight travel energy intensity by mode AEO2021 Reference case British thermal units per ton-mile 2020 2020 9,000 4,500 history projections history projections 8,000 4,000 7,000 3,500 Class 3 truck 6,000 3,000 light-duty vehicle 5,000 2,500 Classes 4 6 truck 4,000 2,000 aircraft passenger rail 3,000 1,500 Classes 7 8 truck 2,000 1,000 bus freight rail domestic marine 1,000 500 0 0 2020 2030 2040 2050 2020 2030 2040 2050 6 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2021 (AEO2021) www.eia.gov/aeo
Indexed travel indicators and energy use by mode Indexed light-duty vehicle travel and energy use AEO2021 Reference case 2019 = 1.0 2019 = 1.0 Indexed freight and commercial truck travel and energy use AEO2021 Reference case Indexed aircraft travel and energy use AEO2021 Reference case 2019 = 1.0 2020 2020 2020 2.0 2.0 2.0 history projections history projections history projections 1.5 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.0 energy efficiency travel demand energy consumption travel demand energy efficiency energy consumption travel demand energy efficiency energy consumption 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Note: Indexed freight and commercial truck energy efficiency is weighted by each vehicle type s relative share of energy consumption. 7 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2021 (AEO2021) www.eia.gov/aeo
New light-duty vehicle sales shares Light-duty vehicle sales shares Car sales shares by size class Light truck sales shares by size class AEO2021 Reference case 2020 projections AEO2021 Reference case 2020 AEO2021 Reference case 2020 70% 70% 70% crossover utility midsize compact large subcompact other projections projections 60% 60% 60% truck crossover utility large pickup utility vans small pickup 50% 50% 50% car 40% 40% 40% 30% 30% 30% 20% 20% 20% 10% 10% 10% 0% 0% 0% 2020 2030 2040 2050 2020 2030 2040 2050 2020 2030 2040 2050 8 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2021 (AEO2021) www.eia.gov/aeo
Light-duty vehicle sales by technology/fuel type Light-duty vehicle sales by technology/fuel AEO2021 Reference case millions of vehicles New vehicle sales of battery-powered vehicles AEO2021 Reference case millions of vehicles 2020 history projections 2020 3 18 history projections 16 other electric hybrid plug-in electric hybrid battery electric diesel flex fuel gasoline 14 12 2 total battery electric including 100-, 200-, 300-mile electric vehicles electric hybrid 300-mile electric 10 8 6 1 4 200-mile electric plug-in electric hybrid 100-mile electric 2 0 0 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 9 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2021 (AEO2021) www.eia.gov/aeo
On-road vehicle fuel economy Heavy-duty fuel economy AEO2021 Reference case miles per gallon 2020 history projections Light-duty fuel economy by vehicle type AEO2021 Reference case miles per gallon2020 history projections 18 45 Classes 2b 3 car 16 40 14 35 combined Classes 4 6 12 30 light truck 10 25 Classes 7 8 8 20 6 15 4 10 2 5 0 0 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 10 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2021 (AEO2021) www.eia.gov/aeo
Light-duty vehicle fuel economy and per capita travel Light-duty vehicle miles traveled per licensed driver AEO2021 Reference case thousand miles 2020 history projections Light-duty vehicle average fuel economy AEO2021 Reference case miles per gallon 2020 history projections 40 15 new light-duty vehicles 30 10 total light-duty vehicle stock 20 5 10 0 0 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 11 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2021 (AEO2021) www.eia.gov/aeo
Air travel energy use by mode Energy use by air mode AEO2021 Reference case quadrillion British thermal units 2020 5 history projections cargo 4 3 domestic flights 2 international flights 1 general aviation 0 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 12 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2021 (AEO2021) www.eia.gov/aeo
Passenger aircraft sales and jet fuel efficiency U.S. passenger jet sales by body type AEO2021 Reference case individual aircraft sold U.S. passenger jet fuel efficiency index AEO2021 Reference case 2019 = 1.0 2020 2020 revenue passenger-miles 500 2.0 history projections history projections 400 1.5 300 narrow body aircraft revenue passenger-miles per gallon 1.0 200 wide body aircraft energy consumption 0.5 100 regional aircraft 0 0.0 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 13 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2021 (AEO2021) www.eia.gov/aeo
Passenger travel demand and aircraft stock Active versus parked passenger and cargo stock AEO2021 Reference case thousand active and parked thousand active passenger aircraft cargo aircraft Revenue passenger-miles Average passenger AEO2021 Reference case load factors trillion passenger-miles percentage 2020 2020 3 90% history projections 10 5 history projections passenger load factors 8 4 2 60% active passenger aircraft 6 3 active cargo aircraft 4 2 1 30% revenue-passenger miles 2 1 parked passenger aircraft 0 0% 0 0 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 Note: Load factors are weighted by domestic and U.S.-originating or U.S.-bound flights relative share of revenue passenger-miles. 14 Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration, Annual Energy Outlook 2021 (AEO2021) www.eia.gov/aeo
