TRAUMA STIGMA AND CARE
Explore the impact of stigma on individuals with mental illness, learn about barriers to care, and understand practical approaches for supporting those in crisis. Discover facts and experiences highlighting the challenges faced by individuals with mental health conditions.
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TRAUMA STIGMA AND CARE MONICA BELLUCCI, M.ED, LMHC CLINICAL COORDINATOR, CIT/TTAC OF WESTERN MA
LEARNING OBJECTIVES Participants will be able to identify to identify stigma and how it affects those living with mental illness Participants will be able to identify how the brain operates under prolonged stress Participants will be able to identify trauma response and what they look like Participants will be able to identify practical approaches to utilize when experiencing someone in a mental health crisis.
ACTIVITY What are some ways we speak to those with mental illness? Green post-its What are some ways speak about those struggling with cancer pink post-its
WHAT IS STIGMA 1. Public Perception: Stigmatizing attitudes often lead to misconceptions about mental health conditions, viewing them as personal weaknesses or character flaws rather than legitimate medical conditions. 2. Labeling: People with mental health conditions may be unfairly labeled or defined solely by their condition, reducing their identity and potential to the challenges they face. 3. Social Isolation: Stigma can result in social isolation, as individuals with mental health conditions may be avoided or excluded due to fear or misunderstanding. 4. Discrimination: Stigmatization can lead to discriminatory behavior in various aspects of life, including employment, education, housing, and relationships. 5. Self-Stigma: People who experience mental health conditions may internalize the negative stereotypes and beliefs, leading to reduced self-esteem and reluctance to seek help. 6. Barriers to Treatment: Stigma can discourage individuals from seeking professional help or treatment, leading to delayed or inadequate care, which can worsen their condition.
SOME FACTS AND EXPERIENCES OF THOSE WITH MENTAL ILLNESS Around 60% of adults with a mental health illness don t receive care -NAMI A study of over 90,000 people worldwide found that stigma of mental illness is one of the top reasons that they don t receive care -Healthline 12.6% said that they didn t receive care because their neighbors or community might have a negative opinion -Advocating for Better Mental Health Almost 12% said it was because receiving help might have a negative impact on their job - Advocating for Better Mental Health Another 9% said they didn t want others to find out -Advocating for Better Mental Health
SOME FACTS AND EXPERIENCES OF THOSE WITH MENTAL ILLNESS Out of 222 individuals with mental illness over a two-year period, self-stigma correlates to a decrease in recovery - PubMed Only 7% of people in developed countries think that it s possible to overcome mental illness - PubMed 53% disagree that people are caring and sympathetic to people with mental illness - MentalHelp.net 15% believe that those with mental illness are a burden to society - MentalHelp.net 7% to 8% of people in developed countries think that people with a mental illness are more violent. 15% to 16% of people in developing countries believe the same - PubMed Another survey found that 18% disagreed with the statement that those with mental health problems are far less dangerous than most people assume - MentalHelp.net 98% of people agree that mentally ill people experience stigma and discrimination - MentalHelp.net
SOME FACTS AND EXPERIENCES OF THOSE WITH MENTAL ILLNESS 16% think that this stigma has increased in the last year - MentalHelp.net 9 out of 10 of those with a mental health problem say that stigma or discrimination negatively impacts them - Mental Health Foundation 51% of Americans believe that people with mental health conditions experience a lot of stigma and discrimination. 35% believe they experience some, and 13% believe they experience little to none -Addiction Center Those most impacted by stigma include young people, men, minorities, people in the military, and health workers - Healthline Around half of American workers are uncomfortable talking about their mental health in the workplace. Over one-third worry about job consequences if they seek care -American Psychiatric Association Only 20% of workers felt completely comfortable talking about their mental health issues -American Psychiatric Association Age contributes to these comfort levels. 62% of Millennials are comfortable, compared to only 32% of Baby Boomers -American Psychiatric Association Anti-stigma marketing campaigns are effective in persuading people to get help. If all adults were subject to a California mental health campaign, 47% would receive treatment. But if they weren t exposed to the campaign, only 36% would get treatment - NCBI
Approximately 68% of women and 57% of men with mental health problems are parents. The most common mental health problems experienced during pregnancy and after birth are anxiety, depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). (Mental Health Foundation) Nearly 50% of all mental illnesses begin in childhood before the age of 14 years, (national institute of health) more than one in five U.S. adults live with a mental illness (57.8 million in 2021). (NAMI)
STIGMA Myth: People with mental health conditions are violent. Only 3% 5% of violent acts can be attributed to individuals living with a serious mental illness. In fact, people with severe mental illnesses are over 10 times more likely to be victims of a violent crime than the general population
STIGMA People living with mental illness are more likely to encounter the criminal justice system, resulting in a large number of arrests and incarcerations. The overall annual cost of incarcerating people with serious mental illness in state prisons in Massachusetts reaches exceeds $250 million.
LETS TALK ABOUT TRAUMA What is trauma The lasting emotional response that results from living through a distressing event The effect on your brain s emotional networks to make you over or under react to situations Anything which has overloaded out neuro and physical system which we haven t been able to fully process and or metabolize.
TYPES OF TRAUMA Single event/Acute trauma Car accident House fires Mugging Sexual assault Chronic Trauma/on-going War combat Domestic Violence Sexual Abuse Bullying Complex Trauma/multiple on-going generally in the context of interpersonal relationships
SOME KEY FACTORS TO REMEMBER What is traumatic isn t always dramatic Trauma is stored in the emotional center of our brain and in our bodies. Trauma is not stored in our language and rational/cognition part of our brain Trauma is not stored in a linear fashion
TRAUMA IMPACTS ON THE BRAIN https://www.tiktok.com/@btosteopathy/video/72437953928218 08390?is_from_webapp=1&sender_device=pc&web_id=730431 6798345905710
REPTILIAN BRAIN Brain stem and cerebellum. It operates on instinct and is responsible for the survival-related functions of the of the body. The reptilian brain is most closely associated with body processing. Instinctive trauma responses, such as fight, flight, freeze, or startle responses, and crying for help are all examples of reptilian brain functions. The reptilian brain also controls the autonomic responses that we experience as body sensations and basic life-sustaining processes, like digestion, heart rate, body temperature, and respiration.
THE MAMMALIAN BRAIN EMOTIONAL BRAIN The mammalian brain includes the thalamus, amygdala, and hippocampus. This is the emotional or limbic brain, is responsible for our emotional and relational experiences. Emotions lend another dimension to our experience by letting us know of our likes and dislikes relationships, it s responsible for us feeling drawn towards or away from things and for holding emotional memories of our experiences. These experiences of shared pleasure or pain are also encoded as nonverbal memories of attachment experiences, laying down templates for expectations of future relationships.
THE NEOCORTEX HUMAN BRAIN The cerebral cortex, the frontal cortex, is the front structure of our brain. It contains most of our language abilities. This hemisphere of the brain processes information in an explicit, logical, analytical, and linear fashion. It s important for our functioning in a health lifestyle, that everything is integrated and linked. This part of the brain is not fully developed until around age 25. This is the youngest part of our brain both on an individual basis and an evolution basis
FIGHT FLIGHT FREEZE OR APPEASE (FAWN) https://www.tiktok.com/@theholisticpsychologist/video/7077316841516977451?is_from_ webapp=1&sender_device=pc&web_id=7304316798345905710
TRAUMA RESPONSES Involuntary responses, reactions or behaviors, that one may engage in during times of high and or chronic/toxic stress. These involuntary responses can be from real or perceived threats. Fight aggression porcupining Flight running, avoiding Freeze numbing, shutting down Appease overly compliant What are some experiences law enforcement may have experienced in each of these responses
FAWN OR APPEASE TRAUMA RESPONSE https://www.tiktok.com/@kali.somatics/video/7295073281265143082?is_from_webapp= 1&sender_device=pc&web_id=7304316798345905710
https://www.tiktok.com/@mindbrainbodylab/video/7138822535709232426?is_from_webaphttps://www.tiktok.com/@mindbrainbodylab/video/7138822535709232426?is_from_webap p=1&sender_device=pc&web_id=7304316798345905710
TOP DOWN BOTTOM UP Reptilian Brain (bottom up) Breath work Water Movement Mammalian Brain (bottom up) Tone of voice/word choice Body language Space Permission Prefrontal Brain/Human Brain (top down) Use short direct sentences Describe the where what why and what will happen next
REVIEW Does stigma affect trauma? What are some barriers to treatment? What happens to our human Brain or our language logical executive functioning during a trauma response? At what age does our brain fully develop and what is the last part of our brain to develop? What are the four types of Trauma responses and what do they look like?
REVIEW During a trauma response what two parts of the brain are being are we working with ? During a trauma response what part of the brain should we not be trying to solely work with? What are some things we should do during a trauma response to help the reptile brain? What are some things we should do during a trauma response to help the mammal brain? What are some things we should do during a trauma response to help the human brain?
