Tuberculosis in Wales: Rising Incidence and Demographic Profile
Explore the concerning increase in tuberculosis rates in Wales, with a focus on demographic patterns such as higher incidence among males, social risk factors, and challenges faced in TB management. Understand the impact of migration, health inequalities, and the influence of COVID-19 on TB control efforts in Wales.
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Presentation Transcript
TB in Wales Tabitha Kavoi, Consultant Health Protection, TB lead Public Health Wales Webinar on TB in the UK - 06thof February 2025
Tuberculosis incidence in Wales Number of Cases and Rate of TB per 100,000 population (red line) in Wales, 2014-2023 * Provisional 2024 data indicates an increase* TB rates in Wales are rising Source: TB in Wales Annual report 2023
Demographic profile of TB cases in Wales Five-year average rate of TB per 100,000 population by Local Authority of Residence, 2019-2023 Rates per 100,000 population by health board of residence 2019 to 2023, Wales Wrexham Local Health Board 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 Aneurin Bevan UHB 5.2 3.0 3.4 3.2 4.4 Betsi Cadwaladr UHB 2.6 1.3 2.2 1.5 0.7 Cardiff and Vale UHB 5.4 5.2 4.7 3.8 4.4 Cwm Taf Morgannwg UHB 3.1 1.8 2.7 2.3 0.2 Hywel Dda UHB 0.8 0.5 1.8 0.5 1.6 Powys THB 2.3 3.0 0.7 0.0 3.0 Swansea Bay UHB 1.0 2.3 2.4 2.3 3.7 Newport Cardiff Source: TB in Wales Annual report 2023
Demographic profile of TB cases in Wales Rates higher amongst males than female (In 2023, 2.9 per 100,000 compared to 2.5 per 100,000) Age group - 25-54 years 60% of newly diagnosed TB cases born outside the UK ( High in Pakistani or Black-African ethnicity) Based on 2023 data Social risk factors (drug misuse most prevalent) TB infection frequent in most deprived. Of pulmonary cases with a sputum smear sample, 57% were sputum smear positive indicating high potential risk of onward infection.
Demographic profile of TB cases in Wales Above ECDC target of 80% for culture Delay in start of treatment in some cases confirmation of pulmonary TB Uncertainty in TB source (Reactivation, Improvement in NTBS data completion New infection, transmission) Low trends in drug resistance LTBI screening Complex TB clusters
Wider challenges No TB action plan/priority areas working progress No All-Wales TB screening policy working progress TB workforce pressures and limited resources Increase in migration Impact of COVID-19 Health inequalities (vulnerable and hard to reach groups Complex clusters cross border issues
How are we responding? Look forward Wales TB priority actions (WG, AWTBG,PHW) LTBI screening in Wales All Wales TB Cohort review TB services analysis Process for TB clusters reviews Wider advocacy and collaboration with partners TB awareness raising (e.g., Wales World TB symposium 2025) "TB is preventable and treatable, but only if we act now."
Diolch/Thank you Any questions?
