Understanding AIDS: Causes, Symptoms, and Impact
Learn about AIDS Control Programme in India led by Dr. Maheswari Jaikumar. Explore the origin and impact of AIDS (Acquired Immuno-deficiency Syndrome), caused by the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Discover the structure of the HIV virus, its symptoms, and the global scale of the AIDS pandemic. Gain insights into the problem statements and statistics related to HIV infections worldwide and in India.
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AIDS CONTROL PROGRAMME IN INDIA DR.MAHESWARI JAIKUMAR maheswarijaikumar2103@gmail.com
AIDS AIDS (Acquired Immuno-deficiency Syndrome) is also called as SLIM DISEASE . It is a fatal disease caused by a retro virus called as the HUMAN IMMUNO DEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV).
A PERSON WITH AIDS (Appearance of body)
A person suffering from this disease is vulnerable to life threatening opportunistic infections due to breakdown of his immune system. Once infected by HIV infection a person remains infected for the remaining life time.
Strictly the term AIDS refers to the last stage of the HIV infection. AIDS can be called as a modern pandemic affecting both industrialized and developing countries.
PROBLEM STATEMENT (WORLD) INDICATOR 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 NUMBER OF PEOPLE LIVING WITH HIV (in millions) 31.8 32.3 32.9 34 34.2 NEWLY INFECTED (in millions) 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.7 2.5
PROBLEM STATEMENT (WORLD) INDICATOR 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 PEOPLE DYING FROM AIDS (in millions) 2.1 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.7 % OF PREGNANT WOMEN TESTED FOR HIV (Middle Income Countries) (in millions) 15% 21% 26% 35% -
HIV ESTIMATES FOR INDIA (2007) Category Estimation Total population 1.027 billion HIV prevalence (15-49 years) HIV prevalence among men (15-49 years) HIV prevalence among women (15-49 years) Number of people living with HIV (adults and children) Number of Children living with HIV (>15 years) 0.34% 0.40% 0.27% 2.31 million 3.8% of total Dr. KANUPRIYA CHATURVEDI
The overall HIV prevalence among different population groups in 2007 continues to portray the concentrated epidemic in India. With a very high prevalence among High Risk Groups - IDU (7.2%), MSM (7.4%), FSW (5.1%) & STD (3.6%) and low prevalence among ANC clinic attendees (Age adjusted - 0.48%).
CURRENT SCENARIO HIV situation in the country is assessed and monitored through regular annual sentinel surveillance established since 1992. There are 1.8 - 2.9 million (2.31 million) people living with HIV/AIDS at the end of 2007. The estimated adult prevalence in the country is 0.34% (0.25% - 0.43%) and it is greater among males (0.44%) than among females (0.23%). Dr. KANUPRIYA CHATURVEDI
The overall HIV prevalence among different population groups in 2007 continues to portray the concentrated epidemic in India, with a very High prevalence among High Risk Groups - IDU (7.2%), MSM (7.4%), FSW (5.1%) & STD (3.6%) and low prevalence among ANC clinic attendees (Age adjusted - 0.48%).
NATIONAL AIDS CONTROL PROGRAMME The National AIDS Control Programme was launched in the year 1987. The Ministry of Health & Family Welfare has set up National AIDS Control Organization (NACO) as a separate wing to implement & closely monitor the components of the programme.
MILE STONES OF NACP 1986 First Case detected & National Aids Committee Established. 1990 Medium Term Plan launched for four states & four metros.
1992 - NACP-I launched. 1999 - NACP-II launched. 2002 - National Aids Control Policy adopted. 2004 - Anti retroviral treatment initiated. 2006 - National Council on AIDS constituted. 2007 NACP III launched.
NACO VISION AND VALUES NACO envisions an India where every person living with HIV has access to quality care and is treated with dignity. Effective prevention, care and support for HIV/AIDS is possible in an environment where human rights are respected and where those infected or affected by HIV/AIDS live a life without stigma and discrimination.
NACO envisions: Building an integrated response by reaching out to diverse populations A National AIDS Control Programme that is firmly rooted in evidence-based planning. Achievement of development objective Regular dissemination of transparent estimates on the spread and prevalence of HIV/AIDS
Building an India where every person is safe from HIV/AIDS Building partnerships An India where every person has accurate knowledge about HIV and contributes towards eradicating stigma and discrimination
An India where every pregnant woman living with HIV has the choice to bring an HIV free baby into the world An India where every person has access to Integrated Counselling & Testing Centers (ICTCs) An India where every person living with HIV is treated with dignity and has access to quality care
An India where every person will eventually live a healthy and safe life, supported by technological advances An India where every person who is highly vulnerable to HIV is heard and reached out to
NACP The aim of the programme is to prevent further transmission of HIV infection & to minimize the socio economic impact resulting from HIV infection.
THE NATIONAL STRATEGY To achieve the programme objectives the following components are enlisted. Establishment of Surveillance centers in the country. Identification of high risk groups & their screening. Issuing specific guidelines for the management of detected cases
Formulation of guidelines for blood bank, blood product manufacturers, blood donors & dialysis units. IEC activities involving mass media. Research for reduction of personal & social impact of the disease.
Control of sexually transmitted diseases. Condom programme.
INITIATIVES OF GOVT OF INDIA The Govt of India has initiated programmes of prevention & raising awareness under the Medium Term Plan . (1990 -92) NACP-I (1992-2000) NACP -II (2007-2012) NACP-III
NACP-I (1992-1999) The objective of was to control the spread of HIV infection. During this period a major expansion of infrastructure of blood banks was undertaken with the establishment of 685 blood banks and 40 blood component separation. Infrastructure for treatment of sexually transmitted diseases in district hospitals and medical colleges was created with the establishment of 504 STD clinics.
HIV sentinel surveillance system was also initiated. NGOs were involved in the prevention interventions with the focus on awareness generation. The programme led to capacity development at the state level with the creation of State AIDS Cells in the Directorate of Health Services in states and union territories.
NACP-II (1999-2006) During a number of new initiatives were undertaken and the programme expanded in new areas. Targeted Interventions were started through NGOs, with a focus on High Risk Groups (HRGs) viz. commercial sex workers (CSWs), men who have sex with men (MSM), injecting drug users (IDUs), and bridge populations (truckers and migrants).
The package of services in these interventions includes Behaviour Change Communication, management of STDs and condom promotion.
The School AIDS Education Programme was conceptualized to build up life skills of adolescents and address issues relating to growing up. All channels of communication were engaged to spread awareness about HIV/AIDS, promote safe behaviors and increase condom usage.
GOALS OF NACP-III The primary goal of NACP III is to halt & reverse the epidemic in India over the next 5 years by : 1.Prevention of new infection in high risk groups & general population through saturation of coverage of high risk group with targeted interventions & scaled up interventions in general population.
Providing greater care, support & treatment to a large number of people with HIV infection. Strengthening the infrastructure, system & human resources in prevention, care, support & treatment programmes at dist, state & national levels.
Strengthening a nation wide Strategic Information Management System.
PROGRAMME PRIORITIES General population who have greater need for accessing prevention services, treatment, voluntary counseling & testing & condom will be in the next line of priority.
Ensure that all persons who need treatment would have access to prophylaxis & management of opportunistic infections & persons needing anti retro viral treatment (ART) will get first line of ARV drugs.
Provision of services for prevention of parent to child transmission of disease & assured access to pediatric ARV for children having HIV. Impact if HIV will be mitigated through welfare agencies providing nutritional support, opportunities for income generation.
NACP will invest in community care centers to provide psycho social support, outreach services, referrals & palliative care. Socio economic determinants that make a person vulnerable also increases the risk of exposure to HIV, NACP will work with agencies such as women s group & trade unions to integrate HIV prevention into their activities.
PROGRAMME COMPONENTS OF NACP III PREVENTION CARE, SUPPORT & TREATMENT CAPACITY BUILDING STRATEGIC INFORMATION MANAGEMEN T Targeted interventions among HRG, CSW. ART Establishment, support & capacity strengthening Monitoring & Evaluation Other interventions (Truckers, Prison inmates) Pediatric ART Training Surveillance
PREVENTION CARE, SUPPORT & TREATMENT CAPACITY BUILDING STRATEGIC INFORMATION MANAGEMENT Integrated Counseling & testing Centers Center of Excellence Managing programme implementa tion & contracts Research Blood Safety Care & Support ( Community care centers & impact mitigation) Mainstreami ng / private sector partnerships
PREVENTION CARE, SUPPORT & TREATMENT Nil CAPACITY BUILDING STRATEGIC INFORMATION MANAGEMENT Nil Communicati- on, Advocacy & social mobilization Nil
NATIONAL AIDS PREVENTION & CONTROL POLICY
PREVENTION OF NEW INFECTIONS IS ACHIEVED THROUGH
1.Saturation of coverage of high risk group through targeted interventions.
2.Scaling up interventions among general population
SATURATION OF COVERAGE OF HIGH RISK GROUP THROUGH TARGETED INTERVENTIONS Essential elements of targeted interventions are: Access to behavior change communication Treatment services( STI services, drug substitution for IDU Creation of enabling environment at project sites.
SCALING UP INTERVENTIONS AMONG GENERAL POPULATION STD control program Voluntary counseling and testing PPTCT program.
Blood safety. Improved access to quality condoms. Universal precautions and Post exposure prophylaxis
