Understanding American Political Ideologies and the Formation of Political Parties

The Republic Launched- CH 10 Insights Republic- people elect representatives to govern Students will understand the two opposing views on country and government by Alexander Hamilton and Thomas Jefferson; and how those differences lead to the formation of the 1st American (Political) Party System (Federalists vs. Democratic/Republicans) 1) Explain why Americans look at the role of government different? (Why do different groups want different action from the Gov.?) 2) Evaluate the Amendments in the Bill of Rights and identify one you think is most and least important. 3) Explain how Hamilton s policies lead to the formation of political parties in the US 4) Identify 3 beliefs of both the Federalists and Dem/Rep 5) Decide if you are a Dem. or Rep and ID 3 beliefs that helped sway your decision.

ID-Alexander Hamilton (p 193) Summary 1- What was Hamilton s view on government? Strong central government Summary 2- Who was Hamilton s rival and what was his view on government? Jefferson, strong state government (states rights) OI- Washington for President, Hamilton Revives the Corpse of Public Credit 1) What did Washington establish, that was not mentioned in the Constitution, to help advise him? Cabinet Why is the creation of a cabinet, members appointed by the President to advise the Pres., a somewhat scandalous idea in a country that believes in Democracy and voting The Cabinet is not in the Constitution, Cabinet members have incredible power approved by the Pres. but were not elected by the people (seems like an abuse of power by the President to those afraid of Constitution/ strong central Gov. right from the start)

2) Who was the Secretary of Treasury? State? Treasury- guides Government monetary policy and debt Alexander Hamilton State- deals with foreign affairs Thomas Jefferson Who is the Secretary of State today? 3) What was Assumption? (Who would become responsible for paying debt? Who was originally responsible for debt?) Assumption-federal government would assume (pay off) the debts owed by the individual states from the Revolutionary War Why would some states not like the idea of Assumption? 4) Virginia did not like Assumption. What was Va. Offered in return for accepting assumption? The new capital (Washington DC) would be located in Va.

ID- Evolution of Major Parties (197) Summary 3- The democrats are descendants of what political party in 1792? Democratic-Republicans (Jefferson) Summary 4- The Republicans are descendants of what political party in 1792? Federalists (Hamilton) OI- The Emergence of Political Parties 5) What was the source of the division in politics that lead to the development of political parties? Hamilton s financial (money) policies effected farmers/poor Whiskey Tax- tax on Whiskey Why would farmers feel so sensitive about a tax on Whiskey by a central government? Whiskey was currency (devalued w. tax) Over bearing/too strong central government interfering w. farmers just trying to live their lives by themselves

Whiskey Rebellion- farmers in W. Penn. rise up, crushed by Washington Why is the fact this rebellion failed/ was crushed important to the new federal government? Showed the Gov. could enforce it s laws 6) Why did the founders of the nation not envision the creation of political parties? Organized opposition to the government seemed treasonous or disloyal Is standing up against your government treasonous or patriotic? Explain why or why not? 7) What is the role of the political party when it is out of power? To balance government to prevent government from going too far to one side against wishes of the people

ID- The Contrast (p 198) Summary 5- How is the French Revolution shown as being more dangerous than the American Revolution? Medusa leading the rebellion (holding a sword) Dead body on ground What is the cartoon implying about the French Rev.? OI- The Impact of the French Revolution 8) Why did the Americans at first support the French Revolution? Seen as an extension of the American Rev. and our ideas of liberty and democracy (anti-monarchy) 9) Why did Americans start to change their minds about the course of the French Revolution? Too violent (innocent people were being killed by radicals)

10) How did Hamiltonians/ Federalists view the revolution? Jeffersonians? Hamiltonians- against Fr. Rev (support strong central government, looked up to Eng/monarchy) Jeffersonians- in favor of Fr. Rev. (seen as people over the elite ruling class, Dem. over monarchy) Washington Farewell Address- Wash. Steps down after 2 terms ( gives two warnings for America s future) Why do you think he stepped down? 1) Isolationism- beware of European Alliances stay out of European affairs 2) Political Parties- beware, Parties work for themselves over the good of nation (cause division among Americans) How true are his warnings today? (Afghanistan, Romney vs. Obama)

ID- The Two Political Parties, 1793-1800 (P 208) What was the difference between Feds and Dem/Reps on Summary 6- who feel should rule the government? Feds- best people (elite/rich) Dem/Rep- informed masses Whose vision is truer today? Who has more power? Summary 7- Where power in the government should reside? Feds- central government over states rights Dem- States rights over strong central gov. Who is best situated to respond to the will of all people? States or Central Government? Identify one problem with state rule ( ie. Arizona) and one w. Central Power (ie tyranny)

Summary 8- Who the government should support? Feds- business and industry Dems- agriculture Whose vision for the future of America would create a better America? Summary 9- Freedom of speech and press? Feds- limited freedoms for the good of society Dem- freedom of speech and press Why would freedom of speech and press be so vitally important to Dem?

Alien and Sedition Acts- unconstitutional laws by Federalists meant to weaken the Dem/Rep. Party Alien Act- said Pres. could deport any alien for any reason Naturalization Act- change time to become an American from 5 to 14 years Sedition Act- crime to criticize the President, nation, or government Do these laws violate any rights?Was it a good idea to write up a Bill of Rights? Explain (What were Americans afraid of w. the Constitution? Why do you think the Federalists are targeting immigrants? Virginia/Kentucky Resoultions- said that states could ignore any law they found unconstitutional and could even secedes (leave union if necessary) Do Va and Ky. have a good reason for coming up with this point of view? Is their solution the best way to solve their problem? What could be another way?

Federalists Versus Democratic-Republicans 11) What was the Federalist view on Democracy? Feds distrusted common people (favored rule by elites) Why might the elite be better at running the country than common people? 12) Why did Federalists want a strong Central government? Protect property and lives (from stuff being burned), help trade, protect wealthy from poor 13) What kind of government did Jefferson want? One that did as little as possible Why is a limited government possibly a good government? What is the problem with limited government?

14) What was Jeffersons most important criteria for voting? Literate, informed voters What do you feel would be Jefferson s impression of the Presidential election this year? 15) How would slavery in Jefferson s mind help people from becoming landless dependants (simple wage earners)? Whites would never perform the lowest level jobs because they would go to blacks forcing whites to seek higher paying jobs