Understanding AVR Microcontrollers and the ATmega2560 Device
Dive into the world of AVR microcontrollers with a focus on the Atmel ATmega2560 device. Learn about the structure, components, and features of microcontrollers, including the essential functions they perform. Explore the AVR family of microcontrollers, their architecture, categories, and applications. Discover the high-performance aspects of the ATmega2560 microchip, detailing its flash memory, SRAM, and EEPROM components. Unveil the secrets of VLSI technology and how these single-chip wonders function as a computer in various electronic systems.
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Presentation Transcript
The Atmel ATmega2560 microcontroller David Cruz-Lopez, Enrico Ruffolo, Oishee Nandy, Lavanya Upadhyaya
Introduction to microcontrollers Developed using VSLI technology on a single chip Available in different word lengths from 4 bit to 128 bit Components - memory, peripherals and a processor (most crucial) Designed and implemented to execute a specific function Has features required for a computing system; functions as a computer without external digital parts
Microcontrollers structure Contains the following parts: Central Processing Unit (CPU) Brain of the microcontroller Random Access Memory (RAM) Read Only Memory (ROM) Storing program source codes Input/output ports Parallel ports for devices such as LCDs Timers and Counters Clock functions, modulations, pulsations Interrupt Controls Provides delay for a working program
Structure continued Timers and Counters Clock functions, modulations, pulsations Interrupt Controls Provides delay for a working program ADC Digital output has various applications DAC Controls DC motos, drives, etc. Serial interfacing ports Allows connection for interfacing with other microcontrollers or PCs Oscillatory circuits Produce square, triangle, square sine waves
AVR Microcontrollers overview AVR is a family of microcontrollers developed in 1996 developed by Atmel Corporation, which designs and manufactures semiconductors AVR was taken over by Microchip Technology in 2016 These microcontrollers are modified Harvard architecture 8-bit single-chip microcontrollers Based on advanced RISC architecture AVR microcontrollers come in 3 categories: TinyAVR Less memory, small size, suitable only for simpler applications MegaAVR These are the most popular ones having good amount of memory (upto 256 KB), higher number of inbuilt peripherals and suitable for moderate to complex applications. XmegaAVR Used commercially for complex applications, which require large program memory and high speed.
ATmega2560 device overview High performance, low power microchip Runs at 16 MHz 8-bit microcontroller that combines the following components: 256KB ISP flash memory: program resides in flash memory 8KB SRAM: static random access memory which stores variables 4KB EEPROM: electrically erasable programmable read only memory 54 digital I/O lines 16 Analog Input Pins 4 Serial Ports 15 PWM Ports; pulse width modulation Real time counter 6 flexible timer/counters with compare modes 4 USARTs 2-wire serial interface 16-channel 10-bit A/D converter JTAG interface for on-chip debugging
Advantages and Disadvantages Advantages Disadvantages Low power consumption Easier to use Features the QTouch Suite that helps in the development of touch applications Patented Adjacent Key Suppression technology allows for unambiguous detection of key events Higher speed and higher performance Limited amount of flash memory write cycles Naturally lacks incremental performance compared to higher bit microcontrollers
Where is it used? Most Popular Applications Camera systems Security alarms Washing machines Industrial control systems GPS tracking applications RFID identification systems In our Arduinos 16 analog inputs that feed an internal multiplexer whose output drives a 10-bit successive approximation ADC
References https://www.win-source.net/blog/parts-library/atmega2560-16au-microcontroller/ https://openlabpro.com/guide/basics-of- microcontroller/#:~:text=A%20microcontroller%20is%20an%20electronic,64%20bit% 20to%20128%20bit. https://www.engineersgarage.com/article_page/avr-microcontroller-all-you-need-to- know-part-1-46/ https://www.circuitstoday.com/basics-of-microcontrollers Course packet https://cs.stanford.edu/people/eroberts/courses/soco/projects/risc/whatis/index.html#: ~:text=RISC%2C%20or%20Reduced%20Instruction%20Set,in%20other%20types%20 of%20architectures.
