Understanding C# and .NET Programming Basics

C#,C#.Net ) ( : 1

( 15 + ( ) 15 + ] + ( 65 )% ---------------- )% )% ( ( 5 )% [ ( 5 )% 2

:Visual Stadio NetFarmework Cts Cts Bcl Bcl . .NetFarmework Jit Jit :Console Application - - - - - ( - - - - - - ) : Windows Forms Application Rich text Group Box message box Radio Button NumericUpDown TextBox ... button Check Box CheckedListBox ComboBox Timer Progress Bar LinkLable PictureBox box List Box 3

. Case Sensitive C# : < Letter | _ > < Letter | Digit | _ > . . . < Letter | Digit | _ > int i , j=12 ; int int 4 float f=12.5F ; float float 4 double double double d=12.5 ; 8 char c = m ; char char 2 string n= Book_2 ; string string bool a=true; bool bool 1 4

Integral Types Table ( ) Type Range Size -128 to 127 Signed 8-bit integer SByte(sbyte) 0 to 255 Unsigned 8-bit integer Byte(byte) U+0000 to U+ffff Unicode 16-bit character Char(char) -32,768 to 32,767 Signed 16-bit integer Int16(short) 0 to 65,535 Unsigned 16-bit integer UInt16(ushort) -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647 Signed 32-bit integer Int32(int) 0 to 4,294,967,295 Unsigned 32-bit integer UInt32(uint) -9,223,372,036,854,775,808 to 9,223,372,036,854,775,807 Signed 64-bit integer Int64(long) 0 to 18,446,744,073,709,551,615 Unsigned 64-bit integer UInt64(ulong) Floating-Point Types Table ( ) Range Type Size Precision 7 digits 1.5e 45 to 3.4e38 32-bit float(Single) 15-16 digits Double(double) 5.0e 324 to 1.7e308 64-bit eg. : short i =10 , j ; double e= 2.71828182845905 ; 5

: : 12 , 0x12 , 0X12 : 12.6 , 3e+5 , 3e5 , 3.2e-4 : # 9 A : a_1@yahoo.com a123 Computer : true , false : : ) ( const float pi = 3.14F ; const int id = 20 ; /* */ ( Comment ) // : 6

( ( OPERATORS ) : OPERATORS ) : ( + , - , * , / , % ) : 5 / 2 = 2 , 5.0 / 2 = 5 / 2.0 = 2.5 , 9.5 % 2 = 1.5, (int)9.5%2 = 1 ( - , + + , - - , sizeof ) : + + n ; // n = n + 1 ; n + + ; ( < , > , <= , >= , = = , != , && , || , ! ) : ( = , += , -= , *= , /= , %= ) : s += n ; // s = s + n ; x = y = 3 ; max = ( a > b ) ? a : b; ( ?: ) : != , = = , - + / , * || ( ( : && 7

CONSOLE. CONSOLE.WRITELINE WRITELINE : CONSOLE. CONSOLE.WRITE WRITE Console.Write("abc"); Console.WriteLine("def"); abcdef abc def Sum Of a, b is 15 Sum Of 5, 10 is 15 19.8 123,456.34 Console.WriteLine("abc"); Console.WriteLine("def"); int a = 5, b = 10; Console.WriteLine("Sum Of a,b is {0}", a + b); Console.WriteLine("Sum Of {0},{1} is {2}", a, b, a + b); double d = 19.76, e = 123456.344; Console.WriteLine(d.ToString("00.0")); Console.WriteLine(e.ToString("0,0.00")); Console.ReadKey(); 8

int a = 27; Console.WriteLine(a.ToString("X")); 1B 1.230000E+006 1.230E+6 12.300E+5 a= 27 b= 1230000 double d = 1230000; Console.WriteLine(d.ToString("E")); Console.WriteLine(d.ToString("0.000E+0")); Console.WriteLine(d.ToString("00.000E+0")); Console.WriteLine("a=\t{0}\n\ab=\t{1}", a, d); Console.ReadKey(); \a = Alarm , \b = Backspace , \n = New Line , \t = Tab 9

CONSOLE.READLINE : string s; s=Console.ReadLine(); int i; i=Convert.ToInt32(s); Console.WriteLine(i + i); i = Int32.Parse(s); Console.WriteLine(i + i); double d = Convert.ToDouble (Console.ReadLine()); //double d = double.Parse(Console.ReadLine()); Console.WriteLine(d); 10

) ( MATH MATH : : 1- Math.Abs 13- Log10 10 ) ( ( ) 15- Round 16- Sign 17- Sin 19- Sqrt 2- Acos 3- Asin 4- Atan 5- BigMul 6- Ceiling 14- Pow 18- Sinh 7- Floor 8- Cos 20- Tan 21- Tanh 22- Truncate 9- Cosh 10- DivRem 23- E ) 2.718 3.14 ) ( ( 11- Exp 12- Log 24- PI 11

: : ) : 1 - x = 2 ; y = Math.Pow ( x , 2 ) + 1 ; : 2 - + + x ; x - - ; : 3 - Console.Clear(); Console.WriteLine("Test"); { } ) ) : ) ( ( : ) 12

IF IF : Syntax: if ( exp ) statement1 ; [ else statement 2 ; ] eg.1: if ( a > b ) Console.WriteLine(a); eg.2: if (a < b) Console.WriteLine(a); else Console.WriteLine(b); if (a < b) Console.WriteLine(a); else Console.WriteLine(b); eg.3: if (a < b) { int t = a; a = b; b = t; } eg.4: if (a >= 10 && a < 100) Console.WriteLine("Two Digits"); 13

: string str1, str2; str1 = Console.ReadLine(); str2 = Console.ReadLine(); if (str1 == str2) //if (str1.CompareTo(str2)==0) Console.WriteLine("Equal"); if (str1 != str2) //if (str1.CompareTo(str2)!=0) Console.WriteLine("Not Equal"); //if (str1 < str2) if (str1.CompareTo(str2) < 0) //if (string.Compare(str1, str2) < 0) Console.WriteLine("{0} Less Than {1}", str1, str2); if (string.Compare(str1, str2, true) == 0) //Ignore Case Console.WriteLine("{0} Equal {1}", str1, str2); 14

SWITCH : SWITCH : Syntax: switch ( exp ) statement ( exp ) eg. : switch (a) { case 0: Console.WriteLine ("Zero"); break; case 1: Console.WriteLine("One"); break; case 2: case 3: Console.WriteLine("Two or Three"); break; default: Console.WriteLine("Greater Than or Equal Four "); break; } 15

DO ... DO ... WHILE : WHILE : WHILE WHILE Syntax Syntax: while ( exp ) statement ; : while ( exp ) statement ; do statement while ( exp ) ; do statement while ( exp ) ; eg. eg.1 1: int x = : int x = 1 1; ; while (x <= while (x <= 10 10) ) { { Console.WriteLine(x); Console.WriteLine(x); x++; x++; } } //while (x <= //while (x <= 10 eg. eg.3 3: int x = : int x = 0 0 ; ; while ( x < while ( x < 10 10 ) ) Console.WriteLine( // do // do Console.WriteLine Console.WriteLine(++x ) ; while ( x < eg.2: int x = 1 ; do { Console.WriteLine(x); x++; } while (x <= 10); 10) Console.WriteLine(x++); ) Console.WriteLine(x++); Console.WriteLine(++x ) ; (++x ) ; while ( x < 10 ++x ) ; 10 ) ; ) ; 16

: int r, c; r = 1; while (r <= 10) { c = 1; while (c <= r) { 1 1 2 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Console.Write("{0} ",c); c++; } r++; Console.Write("\n"); //Console.WriteLine(); } 17

FOR FOR : : Syntax: for ( [exp1] ; [exp2] ; [exp3] ) statement ; eg.1: int x ; for ( x = 1 ; x <= 10 ; x ++ ) Console.WriteLine (x) ; int x = 1; for (; x <= 10; ) Console.WriteLine(x++); int x = 1; for (; ; ) { Console.WriteLine(x++); if (x > 10) break; // } int x = 1; for (; x <= 10; x++) Console.WriteLine(x); 18

CONTINUE CONTINUE : : eg.1: int s = 0, n; for (int i = 1; i <= 10; i++) { n = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine()); if (n < 0) continue; s += n; } Console.WriteLine(s); eg.2: int s = 0, i = 1, n; while (i <= 10) { n = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine()); i++; if (n < 0) continue; s += n; } Console.WriteLine(s); 19

GOTO GOTO : : eg.1: int x = 1; L1: Console.WriteLine(x); x++; if (x <= 10) goto L1; Console.ReadKey(); Identifier 20

: : type[ ] Array_name ; int[ ] x = new int[3]; char[ ] s = new char[10]; double[ , ] m = new double[30, 4]; int[] m = new int[5]; for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) m[i] = Convert.ToInt32(Console.ReadLine()); for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) Console.WriteLine(m[i]); 21

int [,] a = new float [ int [,] a = new float [2 2, , 3 3]; ]; for (int i = for (int i = 0 0; i < ; i < 2 2; i++) for (int j = for (int j = 0 0; j < a[i,j] = Convert.ToInt a[i,j] = Convert.ToInt32 for (int i = for (int i = 0 0; i < ; i < 2 2; i++) for (int j = for (int j = 0 0; j < Console.WriteLine(a[i,j]); Console.WriteLine(a[i,j]); ; i++) ; j++) ; j < 3 3; j++) 32(Console.ReadLine()); (Console.ReadLine()); ; i++) ; j++) ; j < 3 3; j++) int i, j, t; int i, j, t; int[] m = new int[ int[] m = new int[5 5]; ]; for (i = for (i = 0 0; i < ; i < 5 5; i++) m[i] = Convert.ToInt m[i] = Convert.ToInt32 for (i = for (i = 0 0; i < ; i < 4 4; i++) for (j = i + for (j = i + 1 1; j < if (m[i] > m[j]) if (m[i] > m[j]) { { t = m[i]; m[i] = m[j]; m[j] = t; t = m[i]; m[i] = m[j]; m[j] = t; } } ; i++) 32(Console.ReadLine()); (Console.ReadLine()); ; i++) ; j < 5 5; j++) ; j++) : if (string.Compare(m[i],m[j])>0) 22

: : int[ ] a = new int[5]; //{0, 0, 0, 0, 0 } int[ ] b = new int[ ] { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }; //{1, 2, 3, 4, 5 } int[ ] c = { 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 }; int[ , ] m = { { 1, 2, 3 }, { 4, 5, 6 } }; int[ , ] n = { { 1, 2, 3 }, { 4, 5, 6 } }; 23

: : ( (DEFINE FUNCTION DEFINE FUNCTION) ) . Procedural Modular ) ( . . static type Function_Name(type Arg1, type Arg2, ) { Statements } 24

static float fact ( int x) { float f=1; for ( int i=2; i<=x; i++) f*=i; return ( f ); } static int sum(int x, int y) { int s = x + y ; return ( s ); } static char first_rate ( int n ) { char ans= y ; for ( int i=2; i<n ; i++ ) if ( n%i = = 0 ) ans= n ; return ( ans ); } . . void void main ( ) : 25

: ( : (RECURSIVE) RECURSIVE) Recursion . : 5! = 5 * 4! , 4! = 4 * 3! , ... , 1!=1 * 0! , 0!=1 : 5 * 6 = 6 + 4 * 6 , 4 * 6 = 6 + 3 * 6 , ... , 0 * 6 = 0 : 34= 3 * 33, 33= 3 * 32, ... , 31= 3 * 30, 30= 1 26

static double fact(int x) { if (x<=1) return(1); else return(x*fact(x-1)); } static long mul(int x , int y) { if (x==0) return(0); else return(y+mul(x-1,y)); } Static double pow(int x , int y) { if (y==0) return(1); else return(x*pow(x,y-1)); } 27

: static void test(int x) { x++; Console.WriteLine(x); } static void Main(string[ ] args) { int a = 10; test(a); Console.WriteLine(a); Console.ReadKey(); } static void test(ref int x) { x++; Console.WriteLine(x); } static void Main(string[ ] args) { int a = 10; test(ref a); Console.WriteLine(a); Console.ReadKey(); } Call By Reference Call By Value 11 11 10 10 11 11 11 11 28

: : . . static float static float max_ar { { float m = n[ float m = n[0 0]; ]; for (int for (int i i = = 1 1; ; i i < < n.Length if (n[ if (n[i i] > m) m = n[ ] > m) m = n[i i]; ]; return (m); return (m); } } max_ar( float[ ] n ) ( float[ ] n ) n.Length ; ; i i++) ++) 29

: : . . static float static float max_ar { { float m = n[ float m = n[0 0]; ]; for (int for (int i i = = 1 1; ; i i < < n.Length if (n[ if (n[i i] > m) m = n[ ] > m) m = n[i i]; ]; return (m); return (m); } } max_ar( float[ ] n ) ( float[ ] n ) n.Length ; ; i i++) ++) 30

static void Main(string[ ] args) { float[ ] n = new float[ ] { 1, 4, 12, 3, 2 }; sort_ar(n); for (int i = 0; i < n.Length; i++) Console.WriteLine(n[i]); Console.ReadKey(); } static void sort_ar(float[ ] a) { for (int i = 1; i < a.Length; i++) for (int j = 0; j < a.Length - i; j++) if (a[j] > a[j + 1]) { float m = a[j]; a[j] = a[j + 1]; a[j + 1] = m; } } 31

: STRUCTURE ) struct student { public string name; public float avg; public int id; } static void Main(string[ ] args) { student x; x.avg = 10; Console.WriteLine(x.avg); ( ( STRUCTURE ) name id avg student[ ] c = new student[30]; c[0].name = "ali"; Console.WriteLine(c[0].name); Console.ReadKey(); } 32

: struct date { public short y; public byte m, d; } struct student { public string name; public float avg; public int id; public date birth_date; } student s; s.name = "ali"; s.birth_date.y = 1988; Console.WriteLine(s.birth_date.y); 33

: CONSOLE.READKEY ConsoleKeyInfo c; c = Console.ReadKey(); //if Alt+b is pressed Console.WriteLine(c.KeyChar); //b Console.WriteLine(c.Key); //B Console.WriteLine(c.Modifiers); //Alt Console.ReadKey(); c = Console.ReadKey(true); //Determines whether to display the pressed key in the console window. true to not display the pressed key; otherwise, false. 34

: : Random r=new Random(); Console.WriteLine(r.Next()); Console.WriteLine(r.Next(900)); Console.WriteLine(r.NextDouble()); // // 900 // 35

WINDOWS FORMS APPLICATION 36

WINDOWS 37