Understanding Carbonyl Condensation Reactions in Organic Chemistry
Explore the Aldol reaction, a key carbonyl condensation reaction where aldehydes or ketones react to form β-hydroxy carbonyl compounds in the presence of a base. Learn about reaction conditions, equilibrium, and driving factors.
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Carbonyl Condensation Reactions The Aldol Reaction In the aldol reaction, two molecules of an aldehyde or ketone react with each other in the presence of a base to form a -hydroxy carbonyl compound. 3
Carbonyl Condensation Reactions The Aldol Reaction In the aldol reaction, two molecules of an aldehyde or ketone react with each other in the presence of a base to form a -hydroxy carbonyl compound. 4
Carbonyl Condensation Reactions The Aldol Reaction The aldol reaction is a reversible equilibrium, so the position of the equilibrium depends on the base and the carbonyl compound. OH Is the base typically used in an aldol reaction. Although with OH only a small amount of enolate is formed, this is appropriate because the starting aldehyde is needed to react with the enolate in the second step of the reaction. Aldol reactions can be carried out with either aldehydes or ketones. With aldehydes, the equilibrium usually favors products, but with ketones the equilibrium favors the starting materials. However, there are ways of driving the equilibrium to the right. 5
