Understanding Cells and Heredity: Test Review Insights

Cells and Heredity Unit Test Review 1. What is the main instrument to observe cells? (p.4-5) microscope 2. If you switch the microscope from low power to high power, what would you see- more cells with less detail or fewer cells with more detail? Explain. (p 4-5) Fewer cells with more detail. It is like zooming in on a cell phone. When you zoom in you get less picture with more detail. 3. What is a cell? (p.5) Basic unit and structure of all living things. 4. What are the main characteristics of living things? (Look in your notes) Movement, growth and development, response to stimuli, reproduction, use of energy, has cells 5. What is homeostasis? Give an example. (Look in your notes) human body keeping constant internal body systems. Example: the human body maintaining a stable or constant body temperature.

Cells and Heredity Unit Test Review 1.The Cell Theory showed that all scientific explanations are final or able to change and improve? Explain. (p. 4-5) It took several years for the Cell Theory to be developed. Many scientists added to the theory and over time it showed that a theory is able to change and improve if new theories are discovered. .7 . .6 2.Place the correct characteristics in the correct part of the Venn Diagram Prokaryote Eukaryote No nucleus Nucleus Bacteria All unicellular Have DNA Have cell membrane Have organelles No Nucleus Nucleus Have DNA Have a cell membrane bacteria Have organelles All unicellular

Cells and Heredity Unit Test Review 8. What is a prokaryote? Give an example. (p. 8-10) Single celled organisms that do not have a nucleus and no organelles. Example- Bacteria. 9. What is a eukaryote? Give an example. (p. 8-10) Mostly multi-celled (many celled) organisms that have a nucleus and organelles. Example- animals, plants and fungi. 10. Where does photosynthesis take place in the cell? Respirtion?(p. 38-39) In the chloroplasts. Cellular Respiration provides energy to the cell. 11. What is the cell membrane? What is its function? Where is it in cells? (p.13) contents form its environment. Cell membrane controls the movement of materials into and out of the cell. It is located outermost structure of the cell. A protective barrier that encloses the cell. It separates the cell s 12. What are ribosomes? What are the two places that these can be found in a cell? (p. 15) Ribosomes make proteins. They are located floating freely in the cytoplasm and on the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Cells and Heredity Unit Test Review 13. What is the function of the cell wall? What type of cell is it located in? (p.12) A rigid structure that surrounds the cell membrane and provides extra support to the cell. Plants and algae have a cell wall. It is located surrounding the outside of the cell. 14. What does mitosis result in or create? Explain. (p. 43-44) It creates two genetically identical daughter cells. 15. Draw the main steps of Mitosis. Know the order of the steps.

Cells and Heredity Unit Test Review 16. What does meiosis produce or result in? Explain. (p. 69) Four genetically different daughter cells with half the number of chromosomes. 17. The main difference between asexual reproduction (mitosis) and sexual reproduction (meiosis)? Explain. Mitosis produces two identical cells with the full amount of chromosomes, while Meiosis produces four genetically different cells with half the number of chromosomes.. 18. In every case, you inherit genes from mom only, dad only or both parents? Explain. Always inherit genes from both parents even twins inherit genes from both mom and dad.

Cells and Heredity Unit Test Review B B 19. Cross a black dog BB with a white dog bb. BB x bb Bb Bb b b 20. What is the chance of an offspring being black? Bb Bb 100% all black. They will all have a white gene. Heterozygous. 21. What is the genotype of the black offspring? Explain. All will have a genotype of Bb. That is the only combination that is possible.

Cells and Heredity Unit Test Review 22.What is heredity? (p. 56) The passing of genetic traits from parent to offspring. 23. What is homozygous? Give examples. (p. 63) An organism with two dominant or two recessive alleles is homozygous. Example- PP or pp. 24. What is heterozygous? Give an example. (p. 63) An organism that has both a dominant and recessive allele is heterozygous. Example- Pp 25. What is a mutation? Are they always harmful? Explain. (p. 94) A change in the sequence of a gene or DNA molecule. They can be helpful, harmful or neutral. They are not always harmful. Some are beneficial.

Cells and Heredity Unit Test Review 26.What is an allele? How are dominant alleles expressed? How are recessive forms expressed? The different forms of a gene. Dominant alleles are expressed as a capital letter, recessive alleles are expressed as a lower cased letter. When a dominant allele is with a recessive allele the dominant trait always shows. 27.What is the complimentary DNA strand for the following strand? (A pairs with T, C pairs with G) AATGAATAGCTAGCTT TTACTTATCGATCGAA