Understanding Computer Networking Basics with Princeton University
Explore the fundamentals of computer networking with a focus on topics such as IP addresses, MAC addresses, protocols, and more. Dive into the world of internet communication and learn about hostnames, interfaces, and packet delivery. Enhance your knowledge with visual aids and examples provided in this comprehensive guide.
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Uniform Resource Locator http://www.cs.princeton.edu/ ~jrex/foo.html E-mail jrex@cs.princeton.edu Hostname www.cs.princeton.edu Internet Protocol 128.112.7.156 Media Access Control 00:15:C5:49:04:A9 Today s lecture focuses on the last three!
Application Hostname Applications Transport Messages Reliable streams Best-effort global packet delivery Network IP address Best-effort local packet delivery MAC address Link 3
host host HTTP message HTTP HTTP TCP segment TCP TCP router router IP packet IP packet IP packet IP IP IP IP Ethernet interface Ethernet interface Optical interface Ethernet interface Ethernet interface Optical interface Ethernet frame Ethernet frame 4
Hostname IP Address MAC Address Example www.cs.princeton.edu 128.112.7.156 00:15:C5:49:04:A9 Size Hierarchical, human readable, variable length Hierarchical, machine readable, 32 bits (in IPv4) Flat, machine readable, 48 bits Read by Humans, hosts Internet routers LAN switches Allocation, top-level Domain name assigned by registrar (e.g., for .edu) Variable-length prefixes, assigned by ICANN, RIR, or ISP Fixed-sized blocks, assigned by IEEE to vendors (e.g., Dell) Interface, by equipment vendor Allocation, low-level Host name assigned by local administrator Interface, by DHCP or local administrator 10
name link session address path 11
unnamed root zw arpa uk com edu org ac generic domains country domains in- addr bar ac west east 12 cam foo my 34 usr my.east.bar.edu usr.cam.ac.uk 56 12.34.56.0/24 20
A Verisign, Dulles, VA C Cogent, Herndon, VA (also Los Angeles) D U Maryland College Park, MD G US DoD Vienna, VA H ARL Aberdeen, MD J Verisign, ( 11 locations) K RIPE London (also Amsterdam, Frankfurt) I Autonomica, Stockholm (plus 3 other locations) E NASA Mt View, CA F Internet Software C. Palo Alto, CA (and 17 other locations) m WIDE Tokyo B USC-ISI Marina del Rey, CA L ICANN Los Angeles, CA 21
TLD and Authoritative DNS Servers Global Top-level domain (gTLD) servers Generic domains (e.g., .com, .org, .edu) Country domains (e.g., .uk, .fr, .ca, .jp) Managed professionally (e.g., Verisign for .com .net) Authoritative DNS servers Provide public records for hosts at an organization For the organization s servers (e.g., Web and mail) Can be maintained locally or by a service provider 22
root DNS server 2 3 TLD DNS server 4 local DNS server dns.poly.edu 5 6 7 1 8 authoritative DNS server dns.cs.umass.edu requesting host cis.poly.edu Recursive query: #1 Iterative queries: #2, 4, 6 gaia.cs.umass.edu 24
root DNS server 2 3 TLD DNS server 4 local DNS server dns.poly.edu 5 6 7 1 8 authoritative DNS server dns.cs.umass.edu requesting host cis.poly.edu 25
root DNS server 2 3 TLD DNS server 4 local DNS server dns.poly.edu 5 6 7 1 8 authoritative DNS server dns.cs.umass.edu requesting host cis.poly.edu 26
