Understanding Computer Software: Operating Systems, Applications, and More
Explore the world of computer software, including operating systems, application software, programming languages, and the role of the operating system in managing computer operations. Learn about Linux and popular distributions like Ubuntu and Linux Mint.
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Presentation Transcript
Intro to MIS - MGS351 Computer Software Chapter 3
Overview Software Overview Operating Systems Application Software Programming Languages Compilers and Interpreters
Software The electronic instructions that tell the computer hardware what to do. Software is useless without hardware and vice versa.
Software Software program: Series of statements or instructions to the computer System software: Generalized programs, manages computer s resources Application software: Programs written to perform functions specified by end users
What is an Operating System? A set of programs that manages the operations of a computer and functions as an interface between the user, the application programs and the computer hardware. Windows (XP, Vista, 7, 8, 10, 11, Server) Mac OS, Android, iOS, Linux, Unix, DOS, OS/2, MVS and more!
Operating System Functions Allocates and assigns system resources Schedules use of computer resources Monitors computer system activities Provides locations in primary memory for data and programs Controls the input and output devices
Linux Operating system originally developed by Linus Torvalds in 1991 Software is freely available and open source Contributions made by over 12,000 developers Used to power New York Stock Exchange Particle accelerator at CERN Toyota s Vehicle Infotainment Nearly all of the fastest 500 supercomputers
Popular Linux Distributions Ubuntu - www.ubuntu.com Linux Mint - linuxmint.com Zorin OS - zorinos.com PCLinuxOS - www.pclinuxos.com Hundreds more at distrowatch.com Can try Linux without installing it using a Linux LiveCD - www.livecdlist.com
Application Software Software designed to perform people- related tasks such as payroll, inventory, and sales analysis. Questions when Selecting Software Proprietary or Common Off the Shelf (COTS) Software? Build or Buy? Open Source or Commercial? Licensing and Support Contract Options? Cloud based or locally installed?
Popular Programming Languages Python, Java, JavaScript, C++, TypeScript, C#, Go, C, HTML, Rust, PHP, Ruby, Dart, R, Swift, Scala, Perl, Visual Basic
Programming Languages Machine language: Consists of 1s and 0s of binary code Assembly language: Resembles machine language, substitutes mnemonics for numeric codes Third-generation languages: FORTRAN, COBOL, BASIC, Pascal, and C
Programming Languages Fourth-generation language: Employed directly by end users - nonprocedural Natural languages: Similar to human language Query languages: Retrieve data stored in databases or files (eg SQL) AI Supported Coding
Programming Languages Machine code 010010 001010 111010 001011 Assembly language AR 5,3 FORTRAN READ (5,100) ID, QUANT, PRICE TOTAL = QUANT * PRICE COBOL MULTIPLY QUANT-SOLD BY UNIT- PRICE GIVING SALES-TOTAL
Language Translation Software Translates high-level language programs into machine language (1s and 0s) binary executables Compilers Interpreters
Is newer technology better? http://storyrobot.com/improv/wp-content/uploads/2007/11/morse.jpg http://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/still-image/abacus/abacus.a.102622629.lg.jpg?rand=616260477 When should you upgrade?
