Understanding Dioctophyma Renale: Giant Kidney Worm Infection in Dogs and Foxes
"Dioctophyma renale, also known as the giant kidney worm, is the largest nematode parasite found in domestic animals, affecting final hosts like dogs, foxes, and minks. This parasitic infection has a complex life cycle involving an intermediate host, causing damage to the kidneys and leading to clinical signs such as dysuria and hematuria. Learn more about the transmission, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations of this parasitic disease."
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September 2018 doc.: IEEE 802.11-18/1552r0 WUR-Only Discovery Mode for WUR STAs Date: 2018-09-11 Authors: Name Xiaofei Wang Affiliations Address InterDigital Communication Inc. Phone +1 631.622.4028 email Xiaofei.wang@interdigital .com 2 Huntington Quadrangle Melville, NY 11747 Joseph Levy Rui Yang Submission Slide 1 Xiaofei Wang (InterDigital)
September 2018 doc.: IEEE 802.11-18/1552r0 Abstract In this contribution, we discuss the benefits of having WUR-capable STAs conduct network discovery using only their WURx. Submission Slide 2 Xiaofei Wang (InterDigital)
September 2018 doc.: IEEE 802.11-18/1552r0 Overview Introduction Benefits of WUR-only Discovery Mode Changes needed to enable WUR-only Discovery mode Conclusions Submission Slide 3 Xiaofei Wang (InterDigital)
September 2018 doc.: IEEE 802.11-18/1552r0 Introduction 802.11ba targets classes of low power devices, such as IoT devices, many of which are only equipped with a coin battery IoT devices may, depending on the application, sleep for a long period of time, but need to be woken up within a short delay period Currently, 802.11ba spec draft has defined the WUR operation mostly for the case when a STA is associated with an AP [1] A WUR non-AP enters WUR Mode (i.e., turning off its PCR and turning on its WUR) after explicit negotiation with its AP If a WUR non-AP STA is in WUR Mode, then: The existing negotiated service period between WUR AP and WUR non-AP STA for the WUR non-AP STA s PCR schedule is suspended: WUR-capable STAs may benefit from a defined WUR-only network discovery process Submission Slide 4 Xiaofei Wang (InterDigital)
September 2018 doc.: IEEE 802.11-18/1552r0 Benefits of WUR-only Network Discovery (1/2) Low power devices may be in the unassociated state for a long period of time while In transition between warehouses (inventory tracking) In transition between facilities (personnel tracking) Out of range of one or more associable mobile APs (wearable devices) A WUR-only Network scanning and discovery process may provide a lot of benefit for low power devices in the unassociated state Using the WURx for network scanning and discovery can greatly reduce energy consumption in scenarios where there are no suitable APs in the vicinity when compared to using the PCR for the same task. Power conservation may provide much longer expected operating life for low power devices It is likely that purchasers deploying WUR-capable devices will also be deploying WUR-capable APs to support the deployed devices. Submission Slide 5 Xiaofei Wang (InterDigital)
September 2018 doc.: IEEE 802.11-18/1552r0 Benefits of WUR-only Network Discovery (2/2) It is possible for WUR-capable devices to use existing WUR frames to perform WUR-only discovery. WUR Discovery frames/WUR beacons WUR-only discovery mode would be useful as an optional mode to enable significant power saving before the STA is associated with an AP Submission Slide 6 Xiaofei Wang (InterDigital)
September 2018 doc.: IEEE 802.11-18/1552r0 Changes Needed to Define WUR-only Discovery Current 802.11ba spec draft has the following features [1]: A WUR non-AP STA may use its WURx to scan WUR discovery channels. Can enable WUR-only discovery mode A WUR non-AP STA enters WUR mode after successful frame exchange of WUR Mode Setup frames Restrictive to enable WUR-only discovery mode Only small changes are needed to define WUR-only Discovery WUR-capable STAs can leverage existing 11ba features: WUR Discovery frames and procedures/WUR beacons Need to define how WUR-capable STAs can enter WUR mode, or a mode that is similar to WUR mode (WURx on and PCR off) when the STA is in the unassociated state Some configurations for the WURx may be needed: e.g., WUR parameters, target BSS/ESS, etc. WUR-only discovery mode could be an optional feature when low power devices desire to conserve energy prior to association Submission Slide 7 Xiaofei Wang (InterDigital)
September 2018 doc.: IEEE 802.11-18/1552r0 Conclusion In this contribution, we discussed the benefit of a WUR-only Discovery mode that Will enable lower power devices to conserve energy prior to association Can de defined as an optional mode Defining the WUR-only Discovery mode will only require minor specification additions: Leveraging existing features of WUR Discovery frame and procedures/WUR beacons Define a WUR-only Discovery mode where the WURx is on and the PCR is off Some configurations for WURx may be needed Submission Slide 8 Xiaofei Wang (InterDigital)
September 2018 doc.: IEEE 802.11-18/1552r0 References [1] IEEE P802.11ba Draft 0.4, Aug. 2018 [2] IEEE P802.11RevMD Draft 1.0, Feb. 2018 Submission Slide 9 Xiaofei Wang (InterDigital)
September 2018 doc.: IEEE 802.11-18/1552r0 SP 1 Do you agree that the WUR-only Discovery mode should be defined? Y: N: Need more information: Submission Slide 10 Xiaofei Wang (InterDigital)
