Understanding Economic Growth: An Introduction by Prof. Karunakar Ram Tripathi

Sem - III Paper II Economic Growth: Introduction Prof. Karunakar Ram Tripathi

Introduction vkfFkZd lao`f) dk fo k; ,d ,slk fo k; gS ftlds vUrZxr fdlh ns k ds vk;] mRiknu ,oa jkstxkj esa gksus okyh nh?kZdkyhu o`f) dh izo`fRr ,oa mlesa vkus okyh leL;kvksa dk v/;;u fd;k tkrk gSA oLrqr% ;g fo k; vk;] mRiknu ,oa jkstxkj ds fu/kkZj.k esa ^iwfrZ i{k* ds izHkko dk fo ys k.k izLrqr djrk gSA vk;] mRiknu ,oa jkstxkj ds fu/kkZj.k ds lUnHkZ esa tks lef Vxr fl)kUr gSa] tSls& izfrf Br jkstxkj dk fl)kUr vFkok dhUl dk jkstxkj dk fl)kUr] muds vUrZxr ^iwfrZ i{k* dks fLFkj eku fy;k tkrk gS vkSj dsoy ekax i{k ds Hkwfedk dk gh fo ys k.k fd;k

blhfy, ;s fl)kUr dsoy vk;] mRiknu ,oa jkstxkj ds fu/kkZj.k dh dsoy LFkSfrd fo ys k.k ;k rqyukRed LFkSfrd fo ys k.k gh izLrqr dj ikrs gS rFkk blesa nh?kZdkyhu ifjorZu dh O;k[;k ugha dj ikrs gSaA izkoSfxd voLFkk ds vUrZxr iwfrZ i{k fLFkj ugha jgrk gS vfirq ifjofrZr gksrk jgrk gS D;ksafd bl voLFkk ds vUrZxr leLr pj& lalk/ku] tula[;k] iwWth] rduhdh bR;kfn ifjorZu khy gksrs gSaA vkfFkZd lao`f) ds fl)kUrksa ds vUrZxr iwfrZ i{k dks ifjorZu khy ekurs gq, vk;] mRiknu ,oa jkstxkj esa gksu okys nh?kZdkyhu izo`fRr;ksa dk fo ys k.k fd;k tkrk gSA vkfFkZd lao`f) fo k; ds vUrZxr vkfFkZd pjksa dks o`f) nj ds #i esa fopkj fd;k tkrk gSA

o`f) nj dk vFkZ (Meaning of Growth Rate) fdlh pj esa fdlh le; fcUnq ij o`f) nj dk vfHkizk; ml le; ds lkis{k ml pj esa gksus okys vkuqikfrd o`f) ls gksrk gSA ;fn dksbZ vkfFkZd pj Y gS vkSj bldk eku t-1 le; fcUnq ij Yt-1 gS rFkk ;g t le; fcUnq ij c<+djds Yt gks tkrk gS rks] t le; ij Y esa gkus okyh o`f) nj dks xf.krh; #i esa fuEufyf[kr izdkj ls O;Dr fd;k tkrk gS%& Y esa gkus okyh o`f) nj = g = (Yt - Yt-1)/Yt = Yt/ Yt

vkfFkZd lao`f) dk vFkZ Meaning of Economic Growth lkekU; #i ls] vkfFkZd lao`f) dk rkRi;Z vFkZO;oLFkk ds ek=kRed pjksa] fo ks kdjds vk; esa o`f) ls gksrk gSA ijUrq vk; esa gksus okyh izR;sd o`f) vkfFkZd lao`f) dks O;Dr ugha djrhA vfirq] ,d yEch vof/k vFkkZr~ nh?kZdky rd vk; esa gksus okyh o`f) gh vkfFkZd lao`f) dks O;Dr djrh gSA vk; esa gksus okyh vYidkyhu o`f) dk lEcU/k O;kikj p ls gksrk gSA

vk; esa o`f) dk vfHkizk; Hkh okLrfod vk; esa o`f) ls gksrk gSA vFkkZr~] dherksa esa gksus okyh o`f) gksrh gS mlds izHkko dks lek;ksftr djus ds ckn tks vk; esa o`f) gksrh gS mls gh vkfFkZd lao`f) dh izfdz;k esa kkfey fd;k tkrk gSA ijUrq] vkfFkZd lao`f) dh mijksDr ifjHkk kk ijEijkxr ifjHkk kk gS D;ksafd blesa tula[;k o`f) ds izHkko dks kkfey ugha fd;k x;k gSA tcfd] ;fn tula[;k esa o`f) gks tk; rks vk; esa o`f) gksus ij Hkh dksbZ vko ;d ugha gS fd yksxksa ds dY;k.k esa o`f) gksA vr%] blds fy, izfrO;fDr vk; esa o`f) dks kkfey djuk gksxkA

vr%] vk/kqfud vo/kkj.kk ds vUrZxr ek;j rFkk ysfol tSlS vFkZ kkfL=;ksa us vkfFkZd lao`f) dks izfrO;fDr vk; ds #i esa gh ifjHkkf kr fd;k tkrk gS tks bl izdkj gS%& ^^vkfFkZd lao`f) dk rkRi;Z vFkZO;oLFkk ds okLrfod izfrO;fDr vk; esa ml o`f) ls gksrk gS tks nh?kZdkyhu izo`fRr dh gksrh gSA**

vkfFkZd izk#i Economic Model vkfFkZd izk#iksa ds vUrZxr vkfFkZd fl)kUrksa dk xf.krh;dj.k djds mUgsa xf.krh; lehdj.kksa ds #i esa O;Dr fd;k tkrk gS rFkk izk#iksa esa fodflr lehdj.kksa ds vk/kkj ij gh lacfU/kr fl)kUrksa dk fo ys k.k fd;k tkrk gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, dhUl ds vk; fu/kkZj.k ds fl)kUr dks vkfFkZd izk#i ds #i esa fuEufyf[kr izdkj ls O;Dr fd;k tkrk gS%& Yt = Ct+ It ------------(1) Ct= C0+ cYt ----------(2) St = It ------------(3)

vkfFkZd lao`f) fl)kUr ,oa lao`f) izk#i Growth Theory and Growth Model lao`f) ds fl)kUrksa ds vUrZxr vkfFkZd lao`f) dh izfdz;k ,oa mlesa vkus okyh leL;kvksa dk rdksZa ds vk/kkj ij fo ys k.k fd;k tkrk gSA lao`f) izk#iksa ds vUrZxr vkfFkZd lao`f) ds fl)kUrksa dk xf.krh;dj.k djds mUgsa xf.krh; lehdj.kksa ds #i esa O;Dr fd;k tkrk gSA lao`f) izk#iksa esa fodflr lehdj.kksa ds vk/kkj ij gh lao`f) ds izfdz;k dk fo ys k.k fd;k tkrk gSA

vkfFkZd lao`f) ds pjksa ds ladsrkad Notations of Variables of Economic Growth Variables Change in Variable Rate of Change X or X X/X orX/X or (dX/dt)/X X Y or Y Y/Y orY/Y or (dY/dt)/Y Y K or K K/K orK/K or (dK/dt)/K K L or L L/L or L/L or (dL/dt)/L L N or N N/N orN/N or (dN/dt)/N N or / or / y/y or (dy/dt)/y y y or y y/y k/k or (dk/dt)/k k k or k k/k l or l l/l l/l or (dl/dt)/l l

vkfFkZd lao`f) laurqyu dh lrr~ voLFkk Steady State Growth Equilibrium l a o` f) l a U rq yu dh l rr voLF k k dk rk R i ; Z m l fLF k fr l s gk s rk gS t cfd xfrek u voLF k k es a vF k Z O ; oLF k k ds l H k h pjk s a es a ,d l ek u xfr l s o` f) gk s rh jgrh gS A vF k k Z r~ bl fLF k fr es a vF k Z O ; oLF k k ds m R i k nu] vk ; ] i w W t ul a [; k es a ,d l ek u xfr l s o` f) gk s rh jgrh gS A bl fLF k fr dk s xf.k rh ; #i es a fuE ufyf[k r i z dk j l s O ; D r fd; k t k rk gS % & t h ] Je rF k k X/X = K/K= L/L= N/N oLrq r% ; g voLF k k ,s l h gk s rh gS fd vF k Z O ; oLF k k iw .k Z jk s t xk j dh fL F k fr es a jgrs gq , l a o` f) ds iF k ij vxz l j gk s rh jgrh gS A ; gh fLF k fr vF k Z O ; oLF k k ds fy, ok a Nuh ; gk s rh gS A

Reccommended Books : Jones, H.G., An Introduction to Modern theoroes of Economic Growth Solow, R.M., Growth Theory -- An Exposition Jones, Charles, Economec growth Sen, A.K., Growth Economic