Understanding Environmental Issues: Green House Effect and More

Program Program CIVIL ENGINEERING CIVIL ENGINEERING Program Code Program Code CE CE MSBTEs E MSBTEs E- -content content

Course Course- - ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Course Code Course Code 22447 22447 CO-a: Develop Public Awareness about Environment. Topic-1 Environment Unit Outcome Unit Outcome- - UO UO - -1e 1e MSBTE LEAD MSBTE LEAD- - STUDY AT YOUR DOORSTEP STUDY AT YOUR DOORSTEP Written by

What we will learn today What we will learn today Understand about environmental issues and Understand about environmental issues and their impacts. their impacts. 1. Agenda point Environmental issues Content Content 1.3 1.3 Environmental issues Environmental issues Green house effects, Global Warming, house effects, Global Warming, Climate change and Acid rain. Climate change and Acid rain. Green Page 3 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 5 July 2025

Learning Objective/ Key learning Learning Objective/ Key learning 1e. Describe various environmental issues. 1e. Describe various environmental issues. Page 4 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 5 July 2025

Concept Map Concept Map Global Warming Green House Effect Nuclear Accidents Environmental Issues Climate Change Ozone Layer Depletion Acid Rain Page 5 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 5 July 2025

Environmental Issues: 1. Environmental Issues: 1. Green House Effect: Green House Effect: The phenomenon of increase in temperature of the earth as in artificial greenhouse is called green house effect. The gases which are responsible for the greenhouse effect are called greenhouse gases [1]. A warming of Earth s surface and troposphere (the lowest layer of the atmosphere) caused by trapping the heat in the form of infra red radiation near the earth surface by atmosphericconstituents such as water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrogen oxides and Chloro Fluro Carbons. Environmental scientists estimated that the green house effect of carbon dioxide was 57%, chlorofluorocarbon was 25%, methane was 12% and that of the oxides of nitrogen was 6% [1; 2]. Source: Encyclopaedia Britannica, 2012 Footnotes Page 6 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 5 July 2025

Environmental Issues: 1. Environmental Issues: 1. Green House Effect: Green House Effect: Effects on animals: It has a role in spreading different types of diseases like malaria, filariasis, cholera, and diarrhoea etc due to rise in temperature. It has a role in increasing the number of vectors like insects transmitting diseases. Effects on plants: It affects water cycle, soil moisture and soil composition. As a result, there is a change in cultivation and harvesting periods of crops. Tropical plants are seen at the temperate region. It affects on yield of crops. Effects on climate: It increases the temperature of earth. It brings about the melting of ice in the Polar Regions, which increases the sea level due to which the low land coastal areas may sink and go underwater. It also changes the pattern of rainfall and weather conditions [1; 2; 3]. Page 7 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 5 July 2025

Environmental Issues: 2. Environmental Issues: 2. Global Warming: Global Warming: Global warming is the phenomenon of rise in temperature of the earth by accumulation of green house gases. About 75% of the solar energy reaching the Earth is absorbed on the earth s surface which increases its temperature. The rest of the heat radiates back to the atmosphere. Some of the heat is trapped by greenhouse gases, mostly carbon dioxide this responds to keep the temperature warmer. Effects : Temperature increases Glaciers melt Rising ocean levels Alter forests, crop yields Affect human health Affect ecosystems Season changes Page 8 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 5 July 2025

Global Warming Potential (GWP): Global warming potential (GWP) for the 6 primary GHGs are summarized below: Source: https://iasmania.com/greenhouse-effect-greenhouse-gases/ GWP is the global warming impact that a GHG would have over a 10-year timeframe. By definition, CO2 is used as the reference benchmark [2]. Page 9 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 5 July 2025

Environmental Issues: 3. Environmental Issues: 3. Climate Change Climate is the average weather at a given point and time of year, over a long period (typically 30 years). We expect the weather to change a lot from day to day, but we expect the climate to remain relatively constant. If the climate doesn t remain constant, we call it climate change [2; 4]. Changes in: Sun s output (Solar radiation) Earth s orbit Drifting continents Volcanic eruptions Greenhouse gases Page 10 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 5 July 2025

Environmental Issues: 4. Environmental Issues: 4. Acid Rain Acid rain rain is is basically basically rain rain that that has When fossil fuels such as coal, oil and natural gas are burned, chemicals like sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides are produced. These chemicals react with water and other chemicals in the air to form sulfuric acid, nitric acid and other harmful pollutants like sulfates and nitrates. These acid pollutants spread upwards into the atmosphere, and finally return to the ground in the form of acid rain [2; 4]. EFFECTS EFFECTS OF OF ACID ACID RAIN RAIN Acid rain is an extremely destructive form of pollution, and the environment suffers from its effects. Land, Buildings, Forests, trees, lakes, aquatic life, animals, and plants suffer from acid rain. Acid has a a low low pH pH. . Page 11 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 5 July 2025

Revision Revision What we have learned today? What we have learned today? Green house effect and its impacts. Global warming and its impacts. Climate change and its impacts. Acid rain and its impacts. Let s Have a Quiz Page 12 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 5 July 2025

References References Dr Prabhu Prasadini and Dr G. Swarajya Lakshmi, ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE, BIRM 301 Study Material. Dr. Y. K. Singh, 2006. Environmental Science. NEW AGE INTERNATIONAL (P) LIMITED, PUBLISHERS, New Delhi, India. Prof. Erach Bharucha, 2004. Textbook for Environmental Studies. University Grants Commission, New Delhi. India. Michael Aaleby, 2000. Basics of Environmental science, 2nd Edition, Taylor & Francis Group, New York. www. Britanica.com www. Onlinesciencenote.com 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Page 13 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 5 July 2025

THANK YOU ALL Section divider over two lines or three lines HAVE A NICE DAY HAPPY LEARNING Page 14 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education 5 July 2025