Understanding Enzymes: Protein Catalysts in Chemical Reactions

DO NOW What do you remember about enzymes??

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Living things have MANY metabolic processes that keep them alive.

Living things have MANY metabolic processes that keep them alive. Metabolism is the build-up or break-down of molecules

In other words, living things have many different chemical reactions that keep their cells in homeostasis

ENZYMES are special proteins that speed up the rate of chemical reactions

ENZYMES are special proteins that speed up the rate of chemical reactions Enzymes are protein catalysts Without enzymes, the chemical reactions of life would not happen fast enough

Chemical reactions turn reactants into totally different products Each enzyme is designed to work with ONE specific chemical reaction. Each enzyme has a specific shape that fits ONE reactant, also known as the substrate.

Enzymes fit reactants (substates) like a LOCK AND KEY. Only ONE KEY will open a lock Only ONE SUBSTRATE is catalyzed by an enzyme

Enzymes fit reactants (substates) like a LOCK AND KEY. Only ONE KEY will open a lock Only ONE SUBSTRATE is catalyzed by an enzyme ENZYMES HAVE SPECIFIC SHAPES!!!!!

Enzymes build things up, or break things down. An enzyme can turn simple sugars into An enzyme can turn a protein into An enzyme can turn starch into

Enzymes build things up, or break things down. An enzyme can turn simple sugars into carbohydrates An enzyme can turn a protein into amino acids An enzyme can turn starch into glucose

Each enzyme works (functions) in a SPECIFIC temperature range. In general, enzymes work as temperature increases.

Each enzyme works (functions) in a SPECIFIC temperature range. In general, enzymes work faster as temperature increases. If an enzymes goes too far out of its temperature range, it will .

Each enzyme works (functions) in a SPECIFIC temperature range. In general, enzymes work faster as temperature increases. If an enzymes goes too far out of its temperature range, it will LOSE ITS SHAPE and will no longer function! It will

Each enzyme works (functions) in a SPECIFIC temperature range. In general, enzymes work faster as temperature increases. If an enzymes goes too far out of its temperature range, it will LOSE ITS SHAPE and will no longer function! It will DENATURE and will no longer catalyze reactions!

The temperature at which an enzyme works the FASTEST is called the optimum temperature. An enzyme is catalyzing the most reactions possible at the optimum temperature

Each enzyme works in a specific pH range. If an enzyme goes out of it s pH range, it will LOSE IT S SHAPE and will NO LONGER FUNCTION It will denature and will no longer catalyze reactions.

Enzymes in the stomach work in a very acidic pH range. Stomach enzymes would denature in other parts of the body.

ACID NEUTRAL BASE LABEL: 0-6 = ACID 7 = NEUTRAL 8-14 = BASE

How are Enzymes SPECIFIC? They are proteins with specific shapes They catalyze specific reactions They fit a specific substrate They work in specific temperatures only They work in specific pH levels only