Understanding Ethics, Computer Ethics, and Utilitarianism
Explore the concepts of ethics, computer ethics, and utilitarianism, delving into the definitions, implications, and ethical considerations in modern society. Dive into discussions on the applicability of offline laws to cyberspace and the intrinsic differences between instrumental and intrinsic goods.
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Presentation Transcript
Define ethics ? Ethics could have many meanings: A set of rules universally binding on all people at all time, moral rules deriving from some sort of transcendental authority Right and wrong actions Good and bad consequences Virtue or justice Ethics is a normative lens through which to view choices and actions 2
Explain Moors standard account of computer ethics? Computers and information technology create new possibilities and opportunities for human action, individually and collectively, there is a vacuum of policies to regulate those new opportunities. Thus, the task of computer ethics is to evaluate the new possibilities and to fill the vacuum by addressing conceptual muddles. 3
Shall existing offline laws be applicable to the cyber space? Discuss It is an open discussion that is subject to the students opinions and their justifications, according to theories that they have studied in class. 4
Explain the difference between an instrumental good and an intrinsic good ? Instrumental goods: They are valued because they lead to something else E.g. Money Intrinsic good: They are valued for their own sake E.g. Knowledge, art 5
What is the difference between act- utilitarianism and rule-utilitarianism? Rule-utilitarians argue that we should adopt rules that, if followed by everyone would in the long run maximize happiness. Act-utilitarians focus on individual actions rather than rules. 6
Why is it wrong to think of technology as material objects? Presumption about technology: Connect technology to physical objects, artifacts, human-made material objects. STS scholars: It is a false conception of technology because if material objects are necessary in technology, they don t have any significance unless they are embedded in social practices and activities since: Technology is the invention of human activity and social forces Technology is socially constituted and it works as part of a social system 7
