Understanding Expense Management and Regulations in Indian Life Insurance Industry
Explore the intricacies of expense management and regulations in the Indian life insurance sector, focusing on Section 17-D of Insurance Rules 1939 and Section 40.B of the Insurance Act 1938. Learn about allowable expenses, percentage limits, and reporting requirements for life insurance companies in India.
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23rd India Fellowship Seminar Management of expenses and Relevance of 17D rules post Product Regulations 2013 (SA2) Guide Sunil Sharma Presenters Aparna Manoj Mhatre Abhishek Verma Kshitij Sharma 18 June 2015 Mumbai Indian Actuarial Profession Serving the Cause of Public Interest
Index Extant Regulation Product Regulation 2013 Expense Controls Expense Analysis - Indian Life Insurance Companies Expense Management Questions 2 www.actuariesindia.org
Extant Regulation 3 www.actuariesindia.org
Section 17-D of Insurance Rules 1939 (i) Defines allowable expenses of management in life-insurance business For Immediate/ deferred Single Premium Annuities: 5% of all premiums received during the year (ii) For Immediate/ deferred Regular/ Limited Premium Paying Annuities: 10% of all first year's premiums; and 4% of all renewal premiums, received during the year. (iii) on other Single Premium policies 5% of all premiums received during the year (iv) one-twentieth of 1% (i.e. 0.05%) of the average of the total sums assured for reduced paid up policies (less reinsurances) at the beginning and end of the year. (v) an amount computed on the basis of the percentages dependent on age of the insurer's life-insurance business as specified in the table below: 4 www.actuariesindia.org
Section 17-D of Insurance Rules 1939 Duration of insurer's life insurance Percentage of premiums (less re-Duration of insurer's life insurance business insurances) received during the year other than premiums referred to in items (i) business and (ii) above in years of first year's premiums of renewal premiums 0-4 100 20 5-7 96.5 19 8-10 93 18 After the tenth year, if the insurer's business in force-(a) is less than two crores of Rupees 90 18 is less than five crores of rupees but not less than two crores of rupees 90 17 (c) is less than ten crores of rupees but not less than five crores of rupees 90 16 (d) is not less than ten crores of rupees 90 15 5 www.actuariesindia.org
Section 40 B of Insurance Act, 1938 Limitation of expenses of management in life insurance business 1. Every life insurance company in India has to furnish, statements in the prescribed form certified by an actuary on the basis of premiums currently used by him in regard to new business in respect of mortality, rate of interest, expenses and bonus loading, to the IRDA 2. After the 31st day of December, 1950, no insurer shall, in respect of life insurance business transacted by him in India, spend as expenses of management in any calendar year an amount in excess of the prescribed limits and in prescribing any such limits regard shall be had to the size and age of the insurer and the provision generally made for expenses of management in the premium rates of insurers: Provided that where an insurer has spent such expenses in any year an amount in excess of the amount permissible under this sub-section, he shall not be deemed to have contravened the provisions of this section, if the excess amount so spent is within such limits as may be fixed in respect of the year by the Authority after consultation with the Executive Committee of the Life Insurance Council constituted under section 64F, by which, the actual expenses incurred may exceed the expenses permissible under this sub-section. 6 www.actuariesindia.org
Section 40 B of Insurance Act, 1938 3. In respect of any statement mentioned in sub-section (1), the Authority may require that it shall be submitted to another actuary appointed by the insurer for the purpose and approved by the Authority, for certification by him/ her, whether with or without modifications. Every insurer transacting life insurance business in India shall incorporate in the revenue account (a) a certificate signed by the chairman and two directors and by the principal officer of the insurer, and an auditor s certificate, certifying that all expenses of management in respect of life insurance business transacted by the insurer in India have been fully debited in the revenue account as expenses, and (b) if the insurer is carrying on any other class of insurance business in addition to life insurance business an auditor s certificate certifying that all charges incurred in respect of his life insurance business and in respect of his business other than life insurance business have been fully debited in the respective revenue accounts. 7 www.actuariesindia.org
Recent Revisions Impact of new Insurance Act Discussion paper issued by IRDA 8 www.actuariesindia.org
Product Regulation 2013 - Expense Controls 9 www.actuariesindia.org
Product Regulation 2013: Commission cap For both Linked and Non-linked products: Commission charged to the customer capped: Separate limits for individual and group business For example, for all distribution channels except Direct marketing: Other than pension Products 2% of the single premium policy For regular premium policy, cap as per table below: Premium Paying Terms Maximum Commission If any form as % of premium 1st year 15 18 21 24 27 30 33/30(*) 35/30(*) 2 & 3 Year 7.5/5(*) 7.5/5(*) 7.5/5(*) 7.5/5(*) 7.5/5(*) 7.5/5(*) 7.5/5(*) 7.5/5(*) Subsequent Years 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 >= 12 (*) The maximum commission 10 www.actuariesindia.org
Product Regulation 2013: Commission cap Pension Products 2% of the single premium policy 7.5% of the first year's premium 2% of each renewal premium. Appointed actuary to justify the difference Justify how the difference is allowed in pricing If commission significantly different between distribution channels: www.actuariesindia.org 11
Product Regulation 2013: Discontinuance charge For Linked Products, obligation to recoup expenses associated only with discontinuance: Reflect actual expenses incurred Within Statutory ceilings of commission and expenses Do not exceed limits specified www.actuariesindia.org 12
Product Regulation 2013: Discontinuance charge For example, the discontinuance charge levied on regular premium policies follow below limits: Policy year of Discontinuance Max Discontinuance Charges where annualized premium up to Rs.25,000/- Max Discontinuance Charges where annualized premium above Rs.25,000/- 1 Lower of 20% * ( AP or FV/policy account value) subject to a max of Rs3000 Lower of 6% * ( AP or FV/policy account value) subject to a max of Rs6000 2 Lower of 15% * ( AP or FV/policy account value) subject to a max of Rs2000 Lower of 4% * ( AP or FV/policy account value) subject to a max of Rs5000 3 Lower of 10% * ( AP or FV/policy account value) subject to a max of Rs1500 Lower of 3% * ( AP or FV/policy account value) subject to a max of Rs4000 4 Lower of 5% * ( AP or FV/policy account value) subject to a max of Rs1000 Lower of 2% * ( AP or FV/policy account value) subject to a max of Rs2000 >=5 Nil Nil 13 www.actuariesindia.org
Other Controls Charging Caps Surrender charge cap on the fund based group products For linked products, cap on the fund management charge of 135bps For linked products, cap on the guarantee charge of 50bps For linked products, charges can fluctuate between min. and max. but cannot vary more than 1.5 times during the first 5 years Indirect Controls For non linked participating products, Constitution of with profits committee(WPC) WPC to sign-off expenses allocated to the participating fund and in the asset share calculation www.actuariesindia.org 14
Expense Analysis FY 2014-15 15 www.actuariesindia.org
Expense Ratios Expense of Management to Gross Direct Premium Ratio 110.0% 100.0% 90.0% 80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% 16 www.actuariesindia.org
Commission Ratios Line of Business Commission Ratio 20.0% 18.0% 16.0% 14.0% 12.0% 10.0% 8.0% 6.0% 4.0% 2.0% 0.0% HDFC Life ICICI Prudential Max Life Birla SunLife IDBI Federal DHFL Pramerica SUD Life Edelweiss Tokio Total Participating Non-Participating Linked Group 17 www.actuariesindia.org
Opex Ratios Opex Ratio 100.0% 90.0% 80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% 18 www.actuariesindia.org
Opex Ratios Line of Business Opex Ratio - Line of Business 140.0% 130.0% 120.0% 110.0% 100.0% 90.0% 80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% HDFC Life ICICI Prudential Max Life Birla SunLife IDBI Federal Canara HSBC DHFL Pramerica SUD Life Edelweiss Tokio Total Participating Non-Participating Linked Group 19 www.actuariesindia.org
Portfolio Turnover First Year Premium to Total Premium Ratio 110.0% 100.0% 90.0% 80.0% 70.0% 60.0% 50.0% 40.0% 30.0% 20.0% 10.0% 0.0% 20 www.actuariesindia.org
Agency Channel Opex Ratio Vs Agency Commission Proportion 60.0% Aegon Religare 50.0% DHFL Pramerica 40.0% Future Generali Reliance Life 30.0% Tata AIA Exide Life PNB MetLife SUD Life IDBI Federal Kotak Life 20.0% Max Life Birla Sunlife Canara HSBC ICICI Prudential 10.0% India First SBI Life HDFC Life 0.0% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 21 www.actuariesindia.org
Key Dependencies Business volume Single premium can distort the picture Persistency Business mix Significant impact on commissions payable Group business more expense efficient? Distribution Channel Bancassurance generally more expense efficient New channels (e.g. Online sales, common centers) Improvement in agent productivity critical 22 www.actuariesindia.org
Expense Management 23 www.actuariesindia.org
Business growth Insurer maintains excess capacity Below Expectation business growth Higher portfolio turnover requires constant endeavors to grow Relationship selling can result in poor persistency Force utilization of inefficient distribution channels 24 www.actuariesindia.org
Other factors Expense inflation Focus on top-line growth Cost of regulation / compliance Increasing cost base Uncoordinated decision making Expense inflation Sufficient / relevant information unavailable for monitoring 25 www.actuariesindia.org
Any Questions? 26 www.actuariesindia.org
