Understanding Ferdinand Tönnies's Concepts of Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft
Explore the insightful sociological concepts of Gemeinschaft (Community) and Gesellschaft (Society) introduced by German sociologist Ferdinand Tönnies in 1887. Discover the differences between traditional rural communities and modern urban societies, emphasizing the shift from interpersonal relationships to instrumental connections.
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Presentation Transcript
Ferdinand Tonnies(1855-1936) Dr.Sumitra Sharma Department of Sociology M.L.Sukhadia University
Books & Concepts A German Sociologist. Books:- Gemeinshaftand Gesellschaft Community and Society (1887) Custom : An Essay on Social codes (1909) Concepts:- Gemeinschaft (Community) & Gesellschaft (Society)
Gemeinschaft & Gesellschaft Toennies was German Sociologist In 1887, Toennies wrote on Community and society. he used two terms Gemeinschaft (Community) & Gesellschaft (Society) He said that a sense of characterizes traditional societies. In these societies, family, kin, and community ties are quite strong, with people caring for each otherand looking out forone another. As societies grew and industrialized and as people moved to cities, he wrote, social ties weakened and became more impersonal. T nnies called this type of society a Gesellschaft, and hewas quite critical of this development community, or Gemeinschaft,
Continue Gesellschaft relationships arose in an urban & capital setting, characterized by individualism & interpersonal monetary connections between people. Social ties became instrumental &superficial with self interest. Ferdinand Tonnies worried about the loss of community. Tonnies observed a direct tension between community (Gemeinschaft) and the city (Gesselschaft). He sees city as the center of science and culture, which always go hand in hand with commerce and industry. The urban society is characterized by fragility or artificiality which formed based on legal arrangement or contract but rural society has strong status based attachment by giving extended family honor.
Difference between Community & Society Gesellschaft (Society) urban Society Gemeinschaft (Community) Rural Society essential will (wesenwill) self fulfilling Community goals Group value & norms , beliefs, rituals, mores & customs are important Natural unity Arbitrary will (Kurwill) instrumental Individual goals Individual principles, fashion & fed are important Contractual Unity
