Understanding Files, Streams, and Input/Output Operations
Explore the fundamentals of files, memory hierarchy, file properties, and stream classes in C++. Learn how to manipulate data through console and file input/output operations using streams in programming. Enhance your knowledge of handling secondary storage data efficiently.
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Presentation Transcript
INTRODUCTION TO FILES AND STREAMS File I/O Delroy A. Brinkerhoff
MEMORY HIERARCHY Registers are part of the CPU Accessible with assembly code but not C++ Main/Primary/RAM is where variables live Mass/Secondary is the topic of this chapter
FILES A file is a named collection of related information that is recorded on secondary storage. A file is the smallest allotment of logical secondary storage; the OS can only store data in secondary storage as a file. Silberschatz, Galvin, & Gagne, Operating System Concepts Essentials, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011 Files consist of a sequence of bytes representing a variety of data types. Programs determine the meaning of the data.
FILE PROPERTIES Physically, the contents of a file may be scattered across secondary memory 0 1 2 Logically, the contents of a file may be viewed as an array position pointer Each byte in a file is like one array element . . . Each byte is addressable by an offset from the beginning of the file The OS maintains a position in an open file that is updated by read or write operations n-1
ios streambuf filebuf #include <iostream> #include <fstream> ifstream istream ostream ofstream STREAM CLASSES istream cin; iostream ostream cout; fstream
USING STREAMS CONSOLE I/O FILE I/O int i; ifstream input( data1.txt ); double d; ofstream output( data2.txt ); cin >> i; input >> i; cout << d << endl; output << d << endl;
