Explore the world of interventional studies in clinical research, where participants are assigned to groups to receive interventions for evaluating their effects on health outcomes. Learn about preventive and therapeutic interventions, advantages, challenges, and issues faced in conducting these studies.
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Presentation Transcript
Prepared by Alaa Mohammad MSc optometry Research Methodology Intervention Study Lectures 5 & 6 Interventional studies, also called experimental studies, study designs may be classified by the role that time plays in the data collection. Interventional studies are clinical studies in which participants are prospectively assigned to groups (e.g., experimental and control arms) to receive an intervention(s) so that researchers can evaluate the effects of the interventions on biomedical or health-related outcome 6/11/2025 1
What is intervention type? Interventions can be classified into two broad categories: (1) preventive interventions are those that prevent disease from occurring and thus reduce the incidence (new cases) of disease, and (2) therapeutic interventions are those that treat, mitigate, or postpone the effects of disease, once it is under way. What is an example of an intervention study? An example would be a study in which the investigator randomly assigns the participants to receive either aspirin or a placebo for a specific duration to determine whether the drug has an effect on the future risk of developing cerebrovascular events. What is an example of interventional research? The interventions can be quite varied; examples include administration of a drug or vaccine or dietary supplement, performance of a diagnostic or therapeutic procedure, and introduction of an educational tool. 6/11/2025 2
What is the advantage of interventional studies? The greatest advantage of intervention studies is that it is possible to ensure that all other factors are kept constant, in particular if the volunteers do not know which treatment they are receiving. Limitation of the intervention study . The evaluation of intervention studies has been limited to only a few randomized controlled trials and a predominance of small sample sizes. Finally, many interventions do not actually have a focus on caregivers, which further limits the likelihood of demonstrating their impact. 6/11/2025 3
What are the challenges of intervention studies? We identify five challenges notoriously faced by researchers conducting youth intervention studies: (1) access to the target population, (2) successful recruitment, (3)ensuring continued attendance, (4)promoting engaged, enthused, and task-focused participation, (5)and efficient data collection. - Issues in the design & conduct of clinical trials . What are some issues with clinical trials? 4 common challenges in clinical trials 1, Slower patient recruitment than required. One of the biggest challenges. 2, Compliance with several rules and regulations. 3,Managing multiple sites. 4, Preventing professional patients. 6/11/2025 4
What are the challenges conducting clinical research? There can be many challenges associated with starting clinical trials. These can include, but are not limited to, ensuring diversity, site selection, regulatory barriers and patient retention. And, with rare diseases, finding enough people to participate in clinical trials can also be a big challenge. What is the analysis of epidemiologic studies? Epidemiology is used to describe the distribution of diseases in the population and to analyze the causes of these diseases. One important objective is to identify risk factors and to quantify their significance. A risk factor can influence the probability that a specific disease develops 6/11/2025 5
