Understanding Learning: Concepts, Nature, and Influencing Factors by Dr. K.M. Zaidi

Learning: Concept, Nature and Factors Influencing Dr.K.M.Zaidi Assistant Professor Department of Education Shia P.G. College

Definition of Learning O Skinner Skinner- Progressive behavior adoption O Crow &Crow Crow &Crow-Acquisition of habits, knowledge and attitude O R.S. Woodworth R.S. Woodworth-doing something new provided the new activity is reinforced and can reappear in later activities O Hilgard Hilgard & Atkinson & Atkinson-relatively permanent change in behaviour that occurs as a result of practice O S.S. Mathur S.S. Mathur-process of acquiring the appropriate responses

Thus learning is. O a relatively permanent change in response a relatively permanent change in response potentiality which occurs as a function of potentiality which occurs as a function of reinforced practice reinforced practice

Learning and Related concepts O Learning and reflex action Learning and reflex action O Learning and imprinting Learning and imprinting O Learning and maturation Learning and maturation O Learning and performance Learning and performance

General Characteristics of Learning O It is an enduring change in behaviour O It involves cumulative experience O It is dynamic O Influences all aspects of human development-social, emotional and cognitive O It is based on incentives O It is target oriented O Byproduct of maturation and experience

Types of Learning O 1 1- -Cognitive Learning Cognitive Learning O 2 2- -Psychomotor Learning Psychomotor Learning O 3 3- -Affective Affective Learning O 4 4- -Concomitant Learning Concomitant Learning O 5 5- -Discrimination Learning Discrimination Learning O 6 6- -Principle Principle Learning Learning Learning

1-Cognitive Learning O Gaining of information, memorization, ability to perceive relationships between different ideas ,explaining phenomenon in different ways etc. O Cognitive learning enables us to function at high levels of complexity and efficiency

2-Psychomotor Learning O Riding a bicycle ,stitching ,playing badminton etc. which involves muscular co- ordination and physical skills O Learning of skills that have large physical or motor components

3-Affective Learning O Affective learning is largely an outcome of socio-cultural and emotional atmosphere surrounding us O Fear ,love, passion and dislikes illustrate learning involving emotions and feelings

4-Concomitant Learning O Learning unconsciously from environment certain attitudes, values, likes, dislikes for some people or things O Behavior related to moral values, nationalism, truthfulness etc. are largely the outcome of collateral or concomitant learning

5-Discrimination Learning O In learning of discrimination the focus is on one or more similar or related concepts to finely outline the differences O Generalization of concepts is attained through attribute analysis ,selection and comparison

6-Principle Learning O Common features are identified and generalized in discrimination learning common relationships are noted and generalized in principle learning O Principles have applicability and are used in problem solving and have scope for transfer to parallel situation

Factors affecting Learning O 1-Learner related factors O 2-Teacher related factors O 3-Task related factors O 4-Environment related factors

1-Learner Related Factors O Maturation O Motivation O Self-Concept O Goals O Levels of aspiration O Interests O Attention O Study habits

2-Teacher Related Factors O Teacher s personality O Communication O Leadership style O Interpersonal relationship of teacher and learner O Teaching style

3-Task related factors O Methods used O Nature of task O Teaching aids

4-Environment related factors O Physical environment O Socio-emotional environment