Understanding Medical Terminology Basics
Learn the fundamentals of medical terminology, including prefixes, roots, suffixes, and combining forms. Discover how to form medical terms, pronounce them, handle word endings, pluralize singular words, and understand the meanings of common roots. Dive into the world of healthcare language with this comprehensive guide.
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Presentation Transcript
Medical terminology Dr. Talip Chichan First grade
Medical Terminology Prefixes+Root+Suffixes=Medical Terminology Begining middle ending Prefixes +Root Medical Terminology Root + Suffixes Medical Terminology Root +Root + Suffix Medical Terminology Word root act as the foundation of the most medical .They usually describe part of the body.They are the basic form around which the final word is formed. Most medical term have on or two roots and may be more .This term derived from source lanquaqe such as Greek or Latain .This provide meaning of the term and is key part of term Suffix is short word add at end the root to modify its meaning For example Gardiology Gardio+Logy Root Suffix
Combing form=Root+Vowel Latters (a, e, I,u ,o) The useful of the the combing vowels make medical term possible pronounce large term and easily and usual vowel is o . There are rules in using this vowel (o) First rule deals with use of combing vowel (o) between word root and suffix that begins with constant letter Root+O=Suffix Cardi o logy Second rule; If suffix begins vowel latter not use combing vowel Artho(joint) +itis (inflammation) Arthitis Third rule - deals with combing vowel is used between two roots even if second word root begins with vowel Gastr-o- enter-itis So combing form is consist of root and vowel Examples Arth/o=joint Cardi/o =heart Gastr/o=Stomach Hamat/o=blood Nephr/o=kidney Neur/o=nerve Ot/o=ear Pulmon/o=lung Rhin/o=nose Ur/o=urine urinary system Derm/o =Skin
Word ending in( X ) When word ends with latter ( X) and added suffix. The x is changed into ( g) or( c ) For example Pharynx=pharyngeal Thorax ( chest) =Thoracic Thoracotomy Suffix beginning with rh is added to a root, the r is doubled For example Men/o( menses) +rhea =Menorrhea Hem/o ( blood) +rhage= Hemorrhage Silent letters and unusual pronunciation Letter Pronunciation Example Ch k Dys Dis Eu U Ph F Pt T Ptosis Rh R X Z Xiphoid Pn N Pneumonia Chemical Dystrophy Euphoria Photophobia Rheumatic
General rules for plural word end Singular - A vertebra -Ex or Ix Appendix - Ax Thorax -Is metastasis - Ma Sarcoma - Nx - On ganglion ganglia - Um Ovum - Y Biopsy biopsies - Us nucleus plural vertebrae Appendices Thoraces Metastases Sarcomata phalanges phalanx Ova nuclei
Example of Roots Abdomen Arm Bronchus Cancer Heart Colon Colo- Cell Abdomino Brachio Bronch- Carcino Cardio- Thyroid gland Thyro Viscera Viscero Liver Hepto- Kidney Renal Tumor/ Mass Onco Bone Skull Cranio -- Fat,Fatty Tissue Adipos- Adernal gland Aderno -- Joint Osteo - Cyto Brain Intestine Stomach Gastro Muscle Nerve- Eye Ear Oto- Chest/ Thorax Thoraco- Encephalo Intestino- Artho- Articulo- Myo- Neuro Oculo-/Opthalmo- Head Cephalo - Lung Cerebellum Cerebrum Urinary Bladder Cysto- Pneumo - Cerebello - Cerebro-
Duodenum Cheek Tongue Larynx Muscle Nose Armpit Kidney Sigmoid Colon Sigmoido - Trachea Umbilicus Nose Eardrum Blood Vessel Vasculo - Bladder Vesico - Cartilage Chest Duodeno - Bucco Glosso - Laryngo - Musculo - Naso - Axillo - Reno - Gland Wrist Gallbladder Skin Rib Costo - Gums Lip Labio - Tongue Bone Marrow Myelo- SpinalCord Teeth Pelvis Pelvo - Spine /Vertabra Mouth Spleen Spleno- Arota forehead Adeno- Carpo- Cholecysto - Cutaneo - - Gingivo - Lingua/Linguo - Tarcheo- Umbilico - Rhino - Tympano - Myelo- Odonto- Spondylo - Oro - Chondro- Stetho- Aroto Fronto-
- Extremities/Top Acro - Back Dorso- Chemical Chemo- Sweat Hidro- Humped Kypho- Fungus Myco- Eardrum Myringo - Disease Patho - Twisted/Crooked Scolio
