Understanding Mental Health and Normality: Principles, Criteria, and Importance

Normality & Abnormality And Normality & Abnormality And Principles Of Personality Principles Of Personality Development & Motivation Development & Motivation lecture By lecture By Miss Swaleha Asif, Clinical Psychologist Department Of Psychiatry RMCH

Differences Of Normality & Abnormality

What Is Mental Health Or Normality What Is Mental Health Or Normality Mental health is a condition of psychological maturity a relatively constant and enduring function of personality. The absence of mental disease symptoms & It is a condition of personal and social functioning with a maximum of effectiveness and satisfaction. Mental health involves positive feelings and attitudes toward the self and toward others.

Criteria For Mental Health Criteria For Mental Health 1- Attitude toward the self- Including its accessibility to consciousness, correctness of the self-concept, self-acceptance and a sense of identity. 2- Self-actualization the growth- Development and realization of the individual's potentialities through action. 3- Autonomy- The individual's conscious discrimination of environmental forces and independence from social influences.

Importance Importance Of Value Mental Health Of Value Mental Health The positive mental health is a set of constructive personal value. Positive mental health implies that the adjusted integrated individual has values that are good for him and society. The mature person is able to modify and change values as he grows in experience and intelligence.

Mental Health & Mental Hygiene Mental Health & Mental Hygiene Mental hygiene is the means to mental health. Mental Hygiene is a way of life in which the individual's adjustment to his environment is maintained intact. Mental hygiene is a science that studies the laws and means of achieving mental health of maintaining it as well as doing away with mental ill health . Mental health is the end and mental hygiene the means.

Characteristics Of Mental healthy Person Characteristics Of Mental healthy Person 1 - Self Evaluation- A mentally healthy individual evaluating himself properly is aware of his limitation. He easily accepts his faults and makes efforts to rid himself of them. 2 - Adjustability- Mentally healthy individual is adjusts to a new situation with the least delay and disturbance. He is never disturbed of what might have been.

3- Maturity- Intellectual and emotional maturity is sign of mentally healthy individual 4 - Regular Life- Habits are important element in maintaining mental health. Habits in matters of food clothing the normal routine of daily life leads to their becoming systematic and regulated which in the long run economies upon energy and time.

5 - Satisfaction social Adjustment A healthy individual maintains good adjustment with social situation. and engaged in some other project intended to benefits society. 6 - Satisfaction From Chief Occupation For mental health is essential the everyone should find satisfaction from his chief occupation his vocation. the individual who studies only pass to examination and finds no pleasure in his work is neither a good student not a health individual.

Criteria Of Normality Criteria Of Normality 1-Adequate feelings of personal worth- The person feels worth and while important he is satisfied with his performances in the various realms of behavior. he feels reasonably attractive physically. 2-Adequate feelings of security- The person feels that he is wanted. he feels comfortable and safe. he enjoys the affection of his family the good wishes of friends.

3-Adequate feeling of self confident- The person has faith in his ability to succeed. he feels he will do reasonably well in whatever he undertakes. 4-Adequate understanding of self- The person has some insight regarding his own motives and desires, as well as his weaknesses and strength.

5-Adequate emotional maturity- The person views obstacles as problems to be solved rather than as occasions for the display of emotional tension. he ordinarily does not worry about the future. 6-Adequate orientation and Goals- the person has some understanding of his environment and the forces and movements with which he must deal.

7-Adequate integration of personality- The person function as an organized unit. His thoughts processes and emotions are harmonious and compatible. he does not hesitate too long in attempts to solve his problems. 8-Adequate vocational relationships- The person experiences reasonable success in his vocational endeavours. He enters an occupation which satisfies his need for approval .

What Is Abnormality What Is Abnormality Abnormal behaviour patterns are regarded as dependent upon the individual's personality make-up and the severity of the psychological and environment stress. Definition Abnormal behavior is behavior which differs from the group average or norm and deviates toward the extremes.

Criteria Of Abnormality Criteria Of Abnormality 1- Inadequate feelings of personal worth- The individuals feels that he is considered relatively worthless and unimportant. he feels helpless and dissatisfied with his abilities. 2- Inadequate feelings of self confidence- The individual feels inferior and incompetent. He feels especially inferior in social situation.

3- Inadequate feelings of security- The individual feels unloved and unwanted. he feels uncomfortable and in danger. he is afraid of being abandoned and harmed. he fears bodily deprivation. 4- Inadequate social relationships- The individual does not get along with people . His behavior is often socially undesirable and interferes with the welfare of others. He may threaten bully to dominant other individual. He lacks of social skills.

5- Inadequate self-understanding- The individual usually lacks knowledge and understanding of his own motives and desire. 6- Emotional immaturity- The individual reacts emotionally in harmony with childish ideas and fancies. He is dependent upon others (usually his parents ) for advice and guidance.

7- Inadequate integration of personality- The individual's thought processes and emotional reactions are inharmonious and incompatible. The individual is unable to face and overcome problems and difficulties. 8- Destruction of change in central nervous systems structure- In the case of some individuals, symptoms of abnormality are manifested because of trauma or disease which has destroyed or modified certain central nervous system structures.

Personality

What is Personality What is Personality Personality is the characteristic patterns of thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that make a person unique. personality arises from within the individual and remains fairly consistent throughout life

Definition Of Personality Definition Of Personality '"Personality is the dynamic organization within the individual of those psychophysical systems that determine his unique adjustments to his environment" Mentioned both inner qualities and behaviour in personality.

Characteristics Of Personality Characteristics Of Personality Consistency: These are a recognizable order and regularity to behaviors. People act in the same ways in a variety of situations. Psychological and physiological: Personality is a psychological construct. it is also influenced by biological processes and needs.

Behaviors and actions: Personality is influences how we move and respond in our environment. it also causes us to act in certain ways. Multiple expressions: Personality is displayed in behavior. It seen in our thoughts, feelings, close relationships, and other social interactions.

Psychoanalysis ( Freud's Theory) Sigmund Freud (1856-1939), Sigmund Freud was an Austrian neurologist and the founder of psychoanalysis. The term psychoanalysis is used to refer to many aspects of Freud s work and research, including Freudian therapy and the research methodology he used to develop his theories.

Development Of Personality Development Of Personality Psychoanalytic theory has three major parts: 1) Theory of the structure of personality 2) Theory of personality dynamics 3) Theory of psychosexual development.

Personality Structure Theory of the structure of personality in which the ego, id, and superego are the principal parts; ID EGO Super Ego

Id According to Freud, Id is the source of all psychic energy. It is the primary component of personality that is present from birth. This aspect of personality is entirely unconscious and includes instinctive, primitive behaviors. The id is driven by the pleasure principle which strives for immediate gratification of all desires and needs. If these needs are not satisfied immediately, the result is a anxiety or tension.

For example, an increase in hunger or thirst should produce an immediate attempt to eat or drink. Id is very important early in life because it ensures that an infant's needs are met. If the infant is hungry or uncomfortable, they will cry until the demands of the id are satisfied.

Ego According to Freud, The ego develops from the id and ensures that the impulses of the id can be expressed in a manner acceptable in the real world. The ego functions in the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious mind. The ego is the component of personality that is responsible for dealing with reality. The ego operates based on the reality principle which strives to satisfy the id's desires in realistic and socially appropriate ways.

Super Ego The last component of personality to develop is the superego. According to Freud, the superego begins to emerge at around age five. The superego holds the internalized moral standards and ideals that we acquire from our parents and society (our sense of right and wrong). The superego provides guidelines for making judgments.

Personality Dynamics & Levels Of Consciousness Sigmund Freud believed that behavior and personality were derived from the constant and unique interaction of conflicting psychological forces that operate at three different levels of awareness. Consciousness Preconscious Unconscious

Consciousness The conscious mind contains all of the thoughts, memories, feelings, and wishes of which we are aware at any given moment. This is the aspect of our mental processing that we think and talk about rationally. This also includes our memory which is not always part of consciousness but can be retrieved easily and brought into awareness.

Preconscious At the preconscious level are memories or thoughts that are easily available with a moment's reflection. for example, what we had for breakfast, or our parents' names.

Unconscious The unconscious mind is a reservoir of feelings, thoughts, urges, and memories that are outside of our conscious awareness. and motives which is we cannot easily recall up. The unconscious contains contents that are unacceptable or unpleasant, such as feelings of pain, anxiety, or conflict. The id is unconscious. The ego and superego include material at all three levels of consciousness

Psychosexual Stages of Development Freud put heavy emphasis on biological development in general and on sexual development in particular. psychosexual stages and some of their implications for adult personality. These are personality development stages. - Oral Stage -Anal Stage - Phallic Stage - Latency Stage - Genital Stage

Oral Stage Age Range Birth to 1 year Erogenous Zone - Mouth During the oral stage, The infant's primary source of interaction occurs through the mouth. The rooting and sucking reflex is especially important. The mouth is vital for eating, and the infant derives pleasure from oral stimulation through gratifying activities such as tasting and sucking.

Anal Stage Age Range 1 to 3 years Erogenous Zone - Bowel and Bladder Control During the anal stage, The primary focus of the libido was on controlling bladder and bowel movements. The major conflict at this stage is toilet training. The child learn to control their bodily needs. Developing this control leads to a sense of accomplishment and independence.

Phallic Stage Age Range 3 to 6 years Erogenous Zone - Genitals During the phallic stage, The primary focus of the libido is on the genitals. At this age children also begin to discover the differences between males and females. Children develop an attachment to the parent of the opposite sex and are jealous of the same sex parent.

Latency Stage Age Range 6 to 12 years (puberty) Erogenous Zone Sexual Feeling are inactive 6 to12 years children lose of interest in sexual behavior. Boys play with boys and girls play with girls. Neither sex much attention to the opposite sex. Sexuality is largely repressed and the ego expands.

This stage is important in the development of social and communication skills and self-confidence.

Genital Stage Age Range Puberty to Death Erogenous Zone Maturing Sexual Interests During the final stage of psychosexual development, the individual develops a strong sexual interest in the opposite sex. This stage begins during puberty but last throughout the rest of a person's life when mature heterosexual interests appear.

Assessing Personality Assessing Personality Personality assessment involves the measurement of personality and is conducted by a wide range of psychologists. Personality assessments on two main forms. 1- Personality Inventories, paper pencil test 2- Projective Tests, Ambiguous test like, Rorschach test, Thematic apperception test.

Motivation

What Is Motivation What Is Motivation Motivation is a force which pushes a person to work with high level of commitment and focus even if things are against him. Motivation translates into a certain kind of human behavior. Definition Motivation refers to the driving and pulling forces which result in persistent behavior directed toward particular goals. (Morgan, King)

Motivation is based on a specific internal, external reward or incentive Most people are motivated by biological needs, emotional wants, or social desires Identifying the underlying motive behind the need want or desire can increase motivation

Basic Motivational Concept Basic Motivational Concept Need - A need is organic state of deficiency . Drive - Drive refers to a state of tension and activity that is aroused by one of these needs (tissues or eliminative). Incentive or Goal - The goal objects witch motivate behavior are known as incentive.

Types Of motivation Types Of motivation Intrinsic motivation Extrinsically motivation

Intrinsic motivation represents engage in an activity for its own sake. Intrinsically motivated behaviors are performed because of the sense of personal satisfaction. For example, if you are in college because you enjoy learning new things and expanding your knowledge. you are intrinsically motivated to be there. Intrinsic motivation decrease over time.

Extrinsically motivated behaviors are performed in order to receive something from others. such as a promotion, praise, candy, money, or attention. Extrinsic incentives are introduced for behaviors that an individual already found motivating. The efficacy of extrinsic motivators varies depending on factors such as self-esteem Focus of control self-efficacy and neuroticism.

Principles Of Motivation Principles Of Motivation 1- Drive Theory Biological Motivation 2- Self Actualization Motivation