Understanding Noun Cases in English and Arabic
Learn about the nominal category of case in English and Arabic, including the genitive case, case contrasts, and possessive forms. Explore how English and Arabic nouns signify possession through different case markers and endings. Understand the distinctions between animates and inanimates in the genitive case. Discover the usage of nominative, accusative, and genitive cases in Arabic nouns for various sentence structures.
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THE NOMINAL THE NOMINAL CATEGORY OF CASE IN CATEGORY OF CASE IN ENGLISH ENGLISH
English nouns may have case English nouns may have case contrast, i.e., contrast, i.e., the genitive (possessive) case (possessive) case. Possession in English can be English can be signalled signalled in two ways: ways: the the - -'s genitive suffix 's genitive suffix added to singular and plural added to singular and plural nouns and nouns and the of the of- -genitive form the genitive . Possession in in two genitive form. .
- -'s genitive 's genitive: the boy's book, the boys' the boy's book, the boys' books, the men's names books, the men's names of of- -genitive genitive: the price of the book, : the price of the book, the name of the game the name of the game
In general the In general the - -'s genitive occurs with occurs with animate head animate head nouns nouns, while the of , while the of- - genitive form with genitive form with inanimate head nouns inanimate head nouns 's genitive
THE NOMINAL THE NOMINAL CATEGORY OF CASE IN CATEGORY OF CASE IN ARABIC ARABIC
*Arabic nouns have different case *Arabic nouns have different case markers depending on their number markers depending on their number and definiteness. and definiteness. *They have three cases: *They have three cases: nominative nominative, , accusative accusative and genitive genitive. . *Case endings are marked by *Case endings are marked by / /- -u/ u/, , / /- -a/ a/ and and / /- -i i/ /, respectively , respectively and
(1) Nominative case: (1) Nominative case: The nominative case is used for. 1. the agent of a verbal sentence: 2. the topic and comment in a nominal (verbless) sentence: 3. the subject of kaana and its sisters: 4. the subject of maa 5. the predicate of 'inna and its sisters: :
( (2 2) Accusative case: ) Accusative case: The accusative case is used for: The accusative case is used for: 1 1. . object of a transitive verb: object of a transitive verb: 2 2. . predicate of predicate of kaana 3 3. . subject of ' subject of 'inna 4 4. . cognate accusative (absolute object) cognate accusative (absolute object) kaana : inna :
aal : 5 5. . circumstantial adverb 'al circumstantial adverb 'al- - aal 6 6. . place and time adverbials place and time adverbials : 7 7. . object of accompaniment object of accompaniment : : / 8 8. . object of purpose object of purpose
9. exception construction exception construction 10 10. specification . specification : : 11 11. vocative . vocative 12. predicate of . predicate of laysa 13. subject of . subject of laa : laysa 12 laa 13
( (3 3) )Genitive case: Genitive case: The genitive, on the other hand, is used The genitive, on the other hand, is used after all prepositions. after all prepositions.
The genitive is also used for the The genitive is also used for the second member of second member of construction construction /construct case/state. case/state. construct
CONTRAST CONTRAST English nouns only exhibit genitive case contrasts, whereas genitive case contrasts, whereas Arabic nouns exhibit Arabic nouns exhibit nominative accusative accusative and and genitive contrasts. contrasts. First First: English nouns only exhibit nominative, , genitive case case
Second Second: the Arabic genitive case the Arabic genitive case has different forms depending on has different forms depending on the number and definiteness of the number and definiteness of the noun, whereas the English the noun, whereas the English one doesn't. one doesn't.
