Understanding Official and Unofficial Actors in the Policy Process
Explore the roles of official and unofficial actors in the policy process through theoretical perspectives, interactive exercises, and discussions. Learn about governmental entities with formal authority, legislative actors, executive actors, the judiciary's role, and how individuals and organizations influence policymaking.
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Presentation Transcript
WEEK 7: OFFICIAL AND UNOFFICIAL ACTORS IN THE POLICY PROCESS A LECTURE BY PRESTON VARKPEH FOR DR. MALLINSON
LECTURE OVERVIEW THEORETICAL PERSPECTIVES: BIRKLAND, SABATIER, ET AL. UNDERSTANDING OFFICIAL AND UNOFFICIAL ACTORS INTERACTIVE GROUP EXERCISE & DISCUSSIONS
WHO ARE OFFICIAL ACTORS? GOVERNMENTAL ENTITIES WITH FORMAL AUTHORITY IN POLICYMAKING CATEGORIES: LEGISLATIVE, EXECUTIVE, AND JUDICIAL BOUND BY LAWS AND INSTITUTIONAL FRAMEWORKS (BIRKLAND, 2019)
LEGISLATIVE ACTORS IN POLICY- MAKING CONGRESS & PARLIAMENTARY BODIES: MAKE, DEBATE, AND PASS LAWS COMMITTEES & SUBCOMMITTEES: SPECIALIZE IN POLICY AREAS EXAMPLE: AFFORDABLE CARE ACT AND GUNS OWNERSHIP
EXECUTIVE ACTORS & BUREAUCRACY PRESIDENTS, GOVERNORS, AND MINISTERS: IMPLEMENT POLICIES BUREAUCRATIC AGENCIES: CREATE REGULATIONS & ENFORCE POLICIES EXAMPLE: EPA REGULATIONS ON ENVIRONMENTAL POLICIES
JUDICIARYS ROLE IN POLICY COURTS INTERPRET LAWS & INFLUENCE POLICY IMPLEMENTATION JUDICIAL REVIEW: CAN STRIKE DOWN UNCONSTITUTIONAL POLICIES EXAMPLE: BROWN V. BOARD OF EDUCATION (1954)
INDIVIDUALS & ORGANIZATIONS THAT INFLUENCE POLICYMAKING UNOFFICIAL ACTORS IN POLICY-MAKING CATEGORIES: INTEREST GROUPS, POLITICAL PARTIES, THINK TANKS
POLITICAL PARTIES & THINK TANKS POLITICAL PARTIES: INFLUENCE ELECTIONS, MOBILIZE VOTERS, SHAPE POLICY AGENDAS THINK TANKS: PROVIDE RESEARCH AND POLICY PROPOSALS
INTEREST GROUPS: STRATEGIES OF INFLUENCE LOBBYING: DIRECTLY ENGAGING POLICYMAKERS (BERRY, 1999) CAMPAIGN CONTRIBUTIONS: GAINING ACCESS TO POLITICIANS PROTEST & MASS MOBILIZATION: SHAPING PUBLIC OPINION
ISSUE NETWORKS VS. IRON TRIANGLE IRON TRIANGLES: STABLE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN BUREAUCRACIES, INTEREST GROUPS, AND LEGISLATORS ISSUE NETWORKS: MORE FLUID, DYNAMIC COALITIONS (SABATIER & WEIBLE, 2014) EXAMPLE: CLIMATE POLICY INVOLVES ENVIRONMENTAL NGOS, AGENCIES, AND POLICYMAKERS
INTERACTIVE EXERCISE: MAPPING POLICY ACTORS CHOOSE A CONTEMPORARY POLICY ISSUE IDENTIFY KEY OFFICIAL AND UNOFFICIAL ACTORS DISCUSS THEIR ROLES & STRATEGIES IN SHAPING POLICY
REFERENCES BIRKLAND, T. A. (2019). AN INTRODUCTION TO THE POLICY PROCESS: THEORIES, CONCEPTS, AND MODELS OF PUBLIC POLICY MAKING (5TH ED.). ROUTLEDGE. MALLINSON, D. J. (2023). INFORMAL ACTORS AND THE POLICY PROCESS [LECTURE NOTES]. PENN STATE HARRISBURG. BAUMGARTNER, F. R., & JONES, B. D. (1993). AGENDAS AND INSTABILITY IN AMERICAN POLITICS. UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS. BERRY, J. M. (1999). THE INTEREST GROUP SOCIETY. LONGMAN. SABATIER, P. A., & WEIBLE, C. M. (2014). THEORIES OF THE POLICY PROCESS (3RD ED.). WESTVIEW PRESS. HACKER, J. S., & PIERSON, P. (2010). WINNER-TAKE-ALL POLITICS: HOW WASHINGTON MADE THE RICH RICHER AND TURNED ITS BACK ON THE MIDDLE CLASS. SIMON & SCHUSTER. SMITH, M. A. (2000). AMERICAN BUSINESS AND POLITICAL POWER: PUBLIC OPINION, ELECTIONS, AND DEMOCRACY. UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO PRESS. WALKER, J. L. (1991). MOBILIZING INTEREST GROUPS IN AMERICA: PATRONS, PROFESSIONS, AND SOCIAL MOVEMENTS. UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN PRESS.
