Understanding Polymer Biodegradation Processes and Environmental Impact
Explore the world of polymer biodegradation processes and their environmental impact, covering topics such as plastic materials, degradation mechanisms, assimilation, biodeterioration, biofragmentation, and more. Discover insights into the degradation of polymers by microbes and enzymes, showcasing the importance of sustainable practices in polymer usage.
Download Presentation
Please find below an Image/Link to download the presentation.
The content on the website is provided AS IS for your information and personal use only. It may not be sold, licensed, or shared on other websites without obtaining consent from the author. If you encounter any issues during the download, it is possible that the publisher has removed the file from their server.
You are allowed to download the files provided on this website for personal or commercial use, subject to the condition that they are used lawfully. All files are the property of their respective owners.
The content on the website is provided AS IS for your information and personal use only. It may not be sold, licensed, or shared on other websites without obtaining consent from the author.
E N D
Presentation Transcript
: = = ( meros : 1383 ) . poly : , ( plastikos .(Joel, 1995 ) 140 Kathiresan, 2003; Bollag etal, 2000 ) . ( PVC ) Scott, 1999 ) . 57 ( ( Shimao, 2001 ) . ( ( : ) ( ) . PP ) ( ) ( PE PUR ) PS ( PET
: ) 1 Low Density Poly Ethylene ( ) 9/0 / 0 - 94 3 - g.cm
: LDPE 3 ) / 0 - 86/0 g.cm ( ) 9 3 - : High Density Poly Ethylene ( g.cm-3 96 / 0 ) . :
) ( PP ) ( . HDPE LDPE ( : : ) Isotactic PP
) ( Atactic PP ( (Syndiotactic PP
( CO2 Dommergues & Mangenton, ) H2O 1972 ) . . ( Belal, 2003; Grima, 2002 Pelmont, 1995 ) . ( : ( ) assimilation ) . ( ) biodeterioration ( ) biofragmentation (
Kister et al, 2000; Proikakis et al, 2006 ) . . . ( : ) ( outdoor
Helbling et al, Jakubowicz et ( ( 2006;Ipekoglu et al, 2007 ) . al, 2006 ) . . 1 ) : . .(Briassoulis, 2005) Duval, 2004 ) . (
2 ) : 400 - nm ( UV-A UV-B ( nm 315 . ) ) 295 . - 315 Olayan etal,1996 ) . (
Kounty et al, 2006; Wiles & Scott, 2006 ) ( Schyichuket al, ( ) . 2001; Weiland et al, 1995 ( :) . ) ( overheating ( ) .
: ( ) . ( Briassoulis, 2005 ( Muller et al, 1998 Yi et al, 2004; Tsuji & Ikada, 2000; ) . ) : biodeterioration ( . . (Hueck, 2001; Walsh, 2001 .
Wallstrom et al, Flemming 1998, GU et al, ( ) . ) . ( Gu, 2003 1996a,b, 1997, 1998a,b, 2007 2005 ) . ( : : (1 ( Capitelli et al, 2006 ) . Bonhomme et al, 2003 ) . (
: ) 2 ) ( ( Zanardini et al, 2000 .) Rubio et al, 2006; Crispim & Gaylard, 2005 Robert et al, 2002; Braams & ( ) . Wanscheid, 2000;
Jenings & lysek, 1996 ) . Hakkarainen et al, 2000 ( : Warscheid & Braams, 2000 ugauskas et al, 2003 ) . ( ) . ( . ( L ) Pelmont, 2005 ) ( : Enoki et al, 1997, 1897; Zapanta & Tien, 1997; otsuka et al, 2003; ( Hofrichter, 2002 ) .
) 3 : Shah et al, 2008; ( . ( ) PVC Szostak-kotawa 2004; Howard, 2002; Shimao, 2001 ) . Flemming, 1998; Lugaoskas et al, 2003 Pelmont, 2005 ) . ( ) . ( ( )
: : Bikiaris et al, 2006; Lugauskas et al, 2003; Kim et al, 2006b; Rosa et al, 2006 .) ( NF X41-513,ASTM G21-70, ASTM G22-76, ISO 846, ISO 11266; NF x41-514 Krzan et al,2006 .) (1 ( ( Preeri et al, 2003, Ki & park, 2001; Peltola et al, 2000; Hakkarainen et al, 2000; Tserki et al, 2006; Marques calvo et al, 2006; Kim et al, 2006b; Zhao et Tsuji et al, 2006 ) . ( ( Tchmutin et al, 2004 ) ( (atomicforce ) Chanprateep et al, 2006 ) . ) al, 2005 ( (
: ) 2 NF EN ISO 13432; . ( ISO 14852; Krzen et al, 2006; ISO 14855 Krzen et al, 2006 ) . ) 3 ( Tsuji et al, 2006; Kim et al, 2006b; Ratto et al, 1999 ) Domenek et al, 2004 ) . ( Van de velde & Kiekens, 2002 ) ( Tserki et al, 2006 ( ) : ) 4 ( Aburto et al, 1999 .)
( :) biofragmentation . . : : . . : ) . ) ( ( ) : ( .1 ) ( ) ( ( Hofrichter,2002 .2 .3
: . ( Muller et al, 1998 . ) : Preeti et al, 2003; Ki & Park, 2001; Hakkarainen et al, 2000; Ratto et al, 1999; Bikiaris et al, 2006; Marten et al, 2005; Rizzarelli et al, 2004; Kawai et al, 2004; Marquies _ Calvo et al, 2006 ) . GPC . ( (SEC)
Witt et al, 2001 ) ( FTIR ) Araujo et . Kim et al, 2006b; ( GC HPIC ( al, 2004; Gattin et al, 2002 Nagai, et al, 2005 ) . Bikiaris et al, 2006; Marten et al, 2005; Rizzarelli et al, 2004; Cerda- ( Cuellar et al, 2004 ) . ( ) ( Abou zeid, 2001 Belal, 2003; ) clear zone test : . .
(ATP) . al, 2004; Itavaara & Vikman, 1995 2000; Calmon et al, 2000 ) . CO214 . : ) CO2 ( Co2 ( FTIR CO2 GC ) . Krzan et al, ISO Pagga, 1997 ) . Mossartdier-Nageotte et al, 2006 ) ( Lefaux et ( Peltola et al, ( 14852 . . . Rasmussen et al, 2004; Reid et al, ( 2001 ) .
6 / . 2000 ATCC ) & Phanerochate / . Buyukgungor ( 34541 % ) Orhan chrysosporium 12 ( 40 CO2
. 208 . Gilan etal, 2004) C Rhodococcus ruber . ) 86/0 % ( & Molin, 2002 ) Stoodley etal, ( Tolker, ) . ) Nielson ( 2000 - Sakharovski etal, 1999 . ( ) .
/ Lee etal, 1991 Phanerochate . 707 . U.V Hadad etal, 2005 11 % . . borstelensis Brevibacillus 50 30
Albertsson etal, 1978 ) . ( Cornell et al, Albertsson,1978, 1980, 1984 ( ) .
- 5 ( SEM ) 30 / SEM FTIR .. Kaczmarek etal, 2005 ) ( FTIR UV
