Understanding Questionnaire Design: Types and Examples
Explore the different question types used in designing questionnaires, including multiple choice, ranking, Likert scale, comment box, and dichotomous questions. Learn how researchers and participants play crucial roles in questionnaire development and understand the importance of ethics in research projects.
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Presentation Transcript
1 [ANSWERS: 1] Participant & Researcher Participant The person who answers / takes part in the questionnaire Researcher The person who writes / designs the questionnaire Before you can understand how to create a questionnaire (researcher), it is important to know how it feels to participate in one (participant). Effective from January 2016 | Designing a Research Project Research Methods sheffield.ac.uk/international-college
2 [Answers: 2] Question Types 1. Multiple choice & Tick box (multiple answer) Example: How often do you speak to your parents? Select one answer: a. Every day b. Once a week c. Once every couple of weeks d. Once a month or less 2. Ranking Example: Please rank the following in order of interest (1 = most interesting): a. Skiing b. Snowboarding c. Biking Effective from January 2016 | Designing a Research Project Research Methods sheffield.ac.uk/international-college
3 [Answers: 2] Question Types (continued) 3. Likert Scale Examples: How importantly someone rates something (very / quite / a little / not at all) How often someone does something (always / often / sometimes / not at all) How much someone agrees / disagrees with a statement (see below) Google Forms Effective from January 2016 | Designing a Research Project Research Methods sheffield.ac.uk/international-college
4 [Answers: 2] Question Types (continued) 4. Comment box Example: What can we do to improve customer service? I d love to have same-day delivery. I d also really like to be able to return items more easily, because this has been a problem for me in the past. 5. Dichotomous (questions with only 2 possible answers) Examples: Do you think Sheffield is a friendly city? (Yes / No) I love shopping with my friends. True or false? Survey Monkey Effective from January 2016 | Designing a Research Project Research Methods sheffield.ac.uk/international-college
5 Answers: 3 1. If you were the researcher who wrote this questionnaire, which answers would be the most useful: version 1, 2 or 3? Why? Discuss / share your own thoughts. 2. What are the disadvantages / advantages of version 1, 2 or 3 for the participant? Discuss / share your own thoughts. Effective from January 2016 | Designing a Research Project Research Methods sheffield.ac.uk/international-college
6 Answers: 4 (Ethics) Why is this information important? This information is about ethics (see next slide). Effective from January 2016 | Designing a Research Project Research Methods sheffield.ac.uk/international-college
7 Ethics (2) Ethics is about informed consent, which means: ...that those participating in a research study have the right to know they are being researched, to be told fully about the purposes of the research and its potential risks and benefits, and that they can withdraw their participation at any time (Byrne, 2016). Effective from January 2016 | Designing a Research Project Research Methods sheffield.ac.uk/international-college
8 Ethics (3) Information to include: Topic of the interview Time it will take to complete How the participant s information will be used Assurance of participant anonymity / privacy Assurance of the participant s right to withdraw / skip questions Request for the participant s informed consent Effective from January 2016 | Designing a Research Project Research Methods sheffield.ac.uk/international-college
9 Answers: 5 1. What term is used to describe the kinds of information being asked for here? Demographic information 2. What kinds of other information might be asked for here? Income Nationality Level of education Religion Sexual orientation Effective from January 2016 | Designing a Research Project Research Methods sheffield.ac.uk/international-college
10 Answers: 6* Advantages Disadvantages Cheap Risk of low response rates! Quick Cannot prompt or probe Convenient for respondents Risk of losing respondents interest boring/too many questions (choose carefully!) Removes interview effects (possible bias) Limited opportunity for open questions Removes interviewer variability (Relevant for large scale studies ? having a different interviewer could affect results? ) Do not know who answers Not always appropriate (language and literacy) Missing data (skipped Qs) *Self-completion Questionnaires Effective from January 2016 | Designing a Research Project Research Methods sheffield.ac.uk/international-college
11 Answers: 7 Closed questions Open questions What are they? Restricted answers (e.g. ratings / multiple choice / dichotomous) Unrestricted answers (e.g. comment box) Why are they useful? They allow for quick counting / measurement of answers They provide more in- depth information Closed questions are more common in questionnaires. Questionnaires are generally quantitative. Questionnaires don t usually include more than 1 or 2 open questions. Effective from January 2016 | Designing a Research Project Research Methods sheffield.ac.uk/international-college
