Understanding Sentence Types in English and Arabic
Explore the differences between sentence types in English and Arabic, focusing on imperatives. Learn about the features and forms of imperatives, their functions in both languages, and the direct and indirect forms of Arabic imperatives. Discover how imperatives are used for orders, requests, advice, warnings, and more.
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SENTENCE TYPES IN ENGLISH AND ARABIC: PART TWO Imperatives
IMPERATIVES IN ENGLISH Imperative sentences have the discourse function of directives or commands. They have five distinguishing features: They generally have no overt subject noun phrases; the subject is a n implicit 2ndperson pronoun. They sometimes have an explicit subject ,e.g. You got out! They are tenseless, i.e, the base form of the verb is used,e.g:Be quite! The required action is always in the future. They do not occur in subordinate clauses.
TYPES OF IMPERATIVES There are five types of imperatives in English according to its form: Imperatives with no overt subject: Go away! Imperative with explicit subjects Nobody move! Imperative with let Let s go out. Negative imperatives Don't be late. Do plus positive imperatives Do have some more tea.
ARABIC IMPERATIVES The Arabic imperative has two forms: direct and indirect Direct imperative is expressed by the verb of comnand Indirect imperative is expressed by: let s go from here So be it. You must tell the truth Show patience at the time of distress .
FUNCTIONS OF IMPERATIVES IN ENGLISH 1.order: Make your bed now! 2. prohibition: Dn nt5 touch the oven. 3. request: open the door, please. 4.Plea: Help! 5.advice :Lock the door befire you go out.! 6. warning: Be careful! 7 suggestion: Let s have some tea! 8.offer: Have some more! 9. Invitation: Come inand sit down 10.good wishwes : Have a good day! 11. Instruction: Take the first street on your left!
FUNCTIONS OF IMPERATIVES IN ARABIC Prohibition: Invocation: May God have mercy on us. Solicitation: wait until I finish ( ) Permission: leave today or tomorrow Threat: Do as you wish Warning: Avoid hypocrisy Don t lie
