Explore the concept of the Tragedy of Commons, discussing overexploitation of common resources, social traps, potential solutions, and the need for a change in mentality to safeguard common benefits.
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Presentation Transcript
THE TRAGEDY OF COMMONS https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s4-YQpguRpE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EZFkUeleHPY http://www.investopedia.com/terms/t/tragedy-of-the- commons.asp
THE TRAGEDY OF COMMONS Common resources. Overexploitation. Examples: oceans and atmosphere. Personal interest. We act independently but rationally. Contradiction between private and common interests. Short-term selfish interest vs. long-term collective interest: incompatible? A common (limited) resource is destroyed, although nobody is interested in such destruction. Relationship between freedom and responsibility. Debate on economics, psychology, game theory, politics, sociology ....
THE TRAGEDY OF COMMONS Social Trap. Rich countries overconsuming and poor countries aspiring to do so. Dilemma! Population growth feed this social trap. Common resources are only justifiable at low population density. As population increases, restrictions must be introduced. These restrictions always affect someone.
THE TRAGEDY OF COMMONS POSSIBLE SOLUTIONS: The transformation of these common goods into private ones could be considered as an option although they usually give rise to a worse result. Population control (right to procreate) has only been used in PR China and possibly without common agreement. Other alternatives would be the payment for the negative consequences of the use: pigouvian taxes (Polluter pays principle https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pigovian_tax) ecotaxes, green tax, carbon tax. You can also rely on self-control with appropriate regulations. Establishing a strategy or order of consumption (the first arriving has more right than the last) does not seem reasonable. Designating a regulator could also be an option (elected or autocratic?). Creation of a Global State (highly unlikely in today's society).
THE TRAGEDY OF COMMONS A change of mentality is necessary. Common goods also generate common benefits. We should not self-justify actions that we know are wrong.
