Understanding the Use of Apostrophes and Repetition in Writing

Big Question: What is the difference between an apostrophe to signal possession and an apostrophe to signal omission? How do writers use repetition to create emphasis when recalling memories?

Date: Date: What is the difference between an apostrophe to signal possession and an apostrophe to signal omission? How do writers use repetition to create emphasis when recalling memories? Do it now Recap questions: Recap questions: 1. What is ellipsis? 2. What is imagery? 3. What is a simile? 4. What is a metaphor? 5. What is personification?

Apostrophes for possession and omission Apostrophes for possession and omission An apostrophe is a punctuation mark used to either signal omission or possession. An apostrophe of omission is used when two words are contracted into one. For example: It s raining outside. An apostrophe of possession is used to show belonging. For example: Miss Odell s pen. Do it now

Apostrophes for possession and omission Apostrophes for possession and omission Look at the following sentences. Identify whether the apostrophes have been used to signal omission or possession. Omission Possession Do it now We ll hail you a taxi all you have to do is ask for the International Airport, said Charles. Don t worry it didn t. Eat your dinner,Wilson, said the boy s mother as she dug into the bottom of a bucket of popcorn. I m curious said Charles, taking the boy aside and sitting down next to him on the bench. One more jelly, I think he added, reaching into the bag of sweets that was sitting on Barnaby s lap and picking out the smallest, most delicious looking jelly. It s partof my job. You ve been to the circus, I presume? But they re still my family, repeated Barnaby, as if this was the most obvious thing in the world.

Apostrophes for possession and omission Apostrophes for possession and omission Look at the following sentences. Identify whether the apostrophes have been used to signal omission or possession. Omission X Possession Do it now We ll hail you a taxi all you have to do is ask for the International Airport, said Charles. Don t worry it didn t. X Eat your dinner,Wilson, said the boy s mother as she dug into the bottom of a bucket of popcorn. I m curious said Charles, taking the boy aside and sitting down next to him on the bench. One more jelly, I think he added, reaching into the bag of sweets that was sitting on Barnaby s lap and picking out the smallest, most delicious looking jelly. It s partof my job. You ve been to the circus, I presume? X X X X X But they re still my family, repeated Barnaby, as if this was the most obvious thing in the world.

Using sentence structures for effect Using the extract we read last lesson from Cider with Rosie , can you identify an example of each of the following: I was set down from the carrier s cart at the age of three; and there with a sense of bewilderment and terror my life in the village began. The June grass, amongst which I stood, was taller than I was, and I wept. I had never been so close to grass before. It towered above me and all around me, each blade tattooed with tiger-skins of sunlight. It was knife-edged, dark and a wicked green, thick as a forest and alive with grasshoppers that chirped and chattered and leapt through the air like monkeys. Pen to paper Simple sentence Compound sentence Complex sentence Compound-complex sentence I was lost and didn t know where to move. A tropic heat oozed up from the ground, rank with sharp odours of roots and nettles. Snow-clouds of elder-blossom banked in the sky, showering upon me the fumes and flakes of their sweet and giddy suffocation. High overhead ran frenzied larks, screaming, as though the sky were tearing apart. In addition, Laurie Lee has also used a repetitive sentence structure particularly well. Can you identify where this repetitive sentence structure is used? Why do you think he uses this example of repetition? For the first time in my life I was out of the sight of humans. For the first time in my life I was alone in a world whose behaviour I could neither predict nor fathom: a world of birds that squealed, of plants that stank, of insects that sprang about without warning. I was lost and I did not expect to be found again. I put back my head and howled, and the sun hit me smartly on the face, like a bully.

Repetitive structures for effect Yes, that s right he repeats the structure For the first time . - For the first time in my life I was out of the sight of humans. For the first time in my life I was alone in a world whose behaviour I could neither predict nor fathom: This is a really effective structure to emphasise the newness of the situation he finds himself in. Pen to paper Ms Bowling has taken this structure and applied it to her own memory. Look at her example: For the first time I was going to meet my new sister. For the first time I would see her laugh and cry. For the first time I would be able to protect her. Now it s your turn. Try to use the same repeated phrase three times to describe your early memory. For the first time _________________. For the first time ____________________. For the first time ____________________.

Recapping prior learning Recapping prior learning Over the past few lessons we have been working on the second part of our memoir: our earliest memory. We have I was taken to the hospital to meet my new sister at the age of four. When I arrived I noticed the towering glass building and violently swinging automatic doors. The polished floor underneath my feet glimmered like marble and overhead lights flicked on and off, crackling with electricity. As we walked through the corridors, I was bewildered by the bouncing echoes of murmured voices and sharp footsteps. But I felt giddy with excitement. For the first time I was going to meet my new sister. For the first time I would see her laugh and cry. For the first time I would be able to protect her. New knowledge Chosen an early memory to write about in our memoir Read an example from Laurie Lee s memoir Understood that we should use the past tense Learned how to use imagery (including sensory language, personification, simile and metaphor) Learned how to include repetition

Its time to reflect upon your writing! Can you create a key to identify within your own piece where you have Used the past tense Include imagery: Sensory language Personification Simile Metaphor Include some repetition Reflection